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Winter jasmine， magno- lia and rosebud cherry compose the prelude to Beijing’s spring. This year’s “spring” will be exceptionally long. From late April to early October， the International Horticultural Exhibition 2019 Beijing （hereinafter “2019 Beijing Expo”） will keep spring colors in the city for nearly six months.
With the theme “Live Green， Live Better，” the 2019 Beijing Expo is the highest-level and largest international fair organized in China after the World Horticultural Exposition held in China’s southwestern city of Kunming in 1999， the 2010 Shanghai World Expo and the first China International Import Expo in 2018. A total of 110 international exhibitors and about 120 non-official exhibitors attend the 162-day event centered on visual displays of plants.
Technological Beauty
Occupying an area of 503 hectares， the 2019 Beijing Expo is only 10 kilometers from the Badaling section of the world-renowned Great Wall. Embraced by mountains and waters， the expo site is blanketed in green and integrated with the surrounding environment. “Green” and “high-tech”are highlights of this expo， and these two distinctive features are embodied in the design and operation of many key pavilions and core scenic spots， reflecting designers and builders’ consciousness about the relationship between human civilization and the ecological environment.
A landmark structure of the expo， the China Pavilion is a curved exhibition hall in the shape of a “ruyi，” a traditional Chinese ornament symbolizing good fortune. Following ancient Chinese wisdom， the impressive green and high-tech China Pavilion is“alive” and “breathes.” The top of the building is roofed with photovoltaic panels， which enable the entire structure to serve as a solar power station. By installing rainwater collection devices on the roof to fill tanks beneath， a mini ecological circulation system was created to realize effective utilization of water resources. On the ground floor，“passive house” technology was adopted to leverage ventilation of underground air which reduces the overall energy consumption of the building. The design not only satisfies the functional requirements of the expo， but also ensures sustainable use of the China Pavilion long after the expo ends.
If the China Pavilion employs traditional Chinese elements to embrace green concepts and technology， the International Pavilion integrates green concepts and technology into modern and fashionable designs. The International Pavilion boasts a public space with 94 huge steel“umbrellas” which look like blooming flowers from the distance. The expo will run through the hottest days of Beijing summer， and the overhead structures will help reduce muggy conditions for visitors waiting in line for entry. The “umbrella” columns can collect rainwater from the pavilion roof to be saved in a reservoir， used for landscaping and irrigation as well as road cleaning. When it rains too much， the water is directed into a drainage ditch. The pavilion uses glass for its external walls and skylights on the top to ensure natural lighting and minimizes need for electric lighting.
Green concepts and high-tech methods are intricately fused at the expo. Abundant new technologies including virtual reality， 5G， smart devices and mobile apps are maximizing the power of green concepts.
Ecology First
In addition to the green designs seen everywhere in the key pavilions and core landscape areas， the“ecological priority” concept was a constant theme throughout the entire process of planning and construction of the expo.
Guirui Lake， located at the core scenic area of the expo， was once a dilapidated fishpond. After pumping and dredging， the pond was excavated and expanded before transforming into a pristinely landscaped lake. Designers aimed to reconstruct Guirui Lake according to the landform and optimally merge artificial structures with the natural landscape. So rather than throwing away the mud excavated from the pond， it was transported around 100 meters west and became a small hill named Tiantian. At a height of 25 meters， the hill is now topped by the Pavilion of Eternal Tranquility which overlooks the expo site and serves as a landmark structure. To the east side of the hill are scenic terraced fields.
Contrasted with traditional artificial lakes， Guirui Lake uses recycled water from a Beijing-based water recycling plant. Before being stored in the lake， reclaimed water first enters a small wetland lake for purification next to the natural ecological display zone in the northern part of the expo site. It is then directed into the lake through underground pipelines. The lake is stocked with aquatic bottom dwellers such as freshwater mussels， spiral shells and Corbicula fluminea to clear the water and attract more fish.
Cases like Guirui Lake which put ecology first are abundant at the Beijing Expo. In the summer of 2017， the expo’s planning and design team surveyed species around the expo site. They determined that at least 46 species of plants， 44 species of birds， 14 species of butterflies and 17 species of odonatas inhabited the area. The team set the goal to ensure that the“indigenous residents” continue thrive and endeavored to leave the ecological chain more prosperous by improving the expo site’s natural environment.
To achieve this goal， the Beijing Expo created several “forest windows” in the poplar forest in the natural ecological display zone by chopping down sick and poorly growing trees， planting other trees and placing rocks and artificial nests to attract birds. Moreover， different hygrophytes were planted in the wetland next to the natural ecological display zone to provide shelters for aquatic birds and a habitat with abundant food for insects and benthos.
Such vivid interpretations and representations of the concept of “putting ecology first” inspire visitors to seek out harmonious coexistence between man and nature for the material basis of a beautiful home. They push the public to change lifestyles and more actively adopt green living.
Cultural and Horticultural Diversity Alike
An A1 category world horticultural exhibition—a largescale international exhibition of a long duration from three to six months—each International Horticultural Exhibition is sanctioned by the International Association of Horticultural Producers （AIPH）. With a long history， the expo had been held around 30 times by the end of 2018. China has a close relationship with the expo and AIPH. Before the 2019 Beijing Expo， China hosted the 1999 Kunming World Horticultural Exposition（A1 category） as well as several horticultural exhibitions in A2/ B1 categories in cities including Shenyang， Xi’an， Qingdao and Tangshan. By hosting the 2019 Beijing Expo， China hopes to show the world its efforts and progress in ecological conservation as well as its development of created individual gardens for the Beijing Expo， which serve as vivid demonstrations of exchange and cooperation between China and other countries. American landscape architect George Hargreaves and his team designed a garden to analyze the global environment between China and the United States， searching for similarities and differences between the East and the West. Drawing inspiration from the ancient Silk Road， British landscape designers Tom StuartSmith and James Hitchmough paved a garden road “from Beijing to the West” with European plants and tree species at the entrance and Beijing’s native plants at the core area of the garden. During the 162-day Beijing Expo， many international competitions involving flowers such as the peony， Chinese rose and orchid as well as for other outdoor plants will be held. AIPH President Bernard Oosterom believes that the 2019 Beijing Expo will gather the world’s top gardening experts， popularize green knowledge and best practices， promote professional horticultural production and international cooperation， and demonstrate cultural and horticultural diversity.
Humankind once regarded itself the master of nature. This arrogance reached a climax after the rise of the First Industrial Revolution starting around the 1760s. This situation later changed with exponential human development. Now， people have realized that mankind and nature must live together in a community with a shared future. Harmonious coexistence and sustainable development are of paramount importance. The 2019 Beijing Expo embodies this concept to the greatest extent， casts a far-reaching influence on the environment， economy and public health， and aims to build greener， healthier and happier residential communities.
With the theme “Live Green， Live Better，” the 2019 Beijing Expo is the highest-level and largest international fair organized in China after the World Horticultural Exposition held in China’s southwestern city of Kunming in 1999， the 2010 Shanghai World Expo and the first China International Import Expo in 2018. A total of 110 international exhibitors and about 120 non-official exhibitors attend the 162-day event centered on visual displays of plants.
Technological Beauty
Occupying an area of 503 hectares， the 2019 Beijing Expo is only 10 kilometers from the Badaling section of the world-renowned Great Wall. Embraced by mountains and waters， the expo site is blanketed in green and integrated with the surrounding environment. “Green” and “high-tech”are highlights of this expo， and these two distinctive features are embodied in the design and operation of many key pavilions and core scenic spots， reflecting designers and builders’ consciousness about the relationship between human civilization and the ecological environment.
A landmark structure of the expo， the China Pavilion is a curved exhibition hall in the shape of a “ruyi，” a traditional Chinese ornament symbolizing good fortune. Following ancient Chinese wisdom， the impressive green and high-tech China Pavilion is“alive” and “breathes.” The top of the building is roofed with photovoltaic panels， which enable the entire structure to serve as a solar power station. By installing rainwater collection devices on the roof to fill tanks beneath， a mini ecological circulation system was created to realize effective utilization of water resources. On the ground floor，“passive house” technology was adopted to leverage ventilation of underground air which reduces the overall energy consumption of the building. The design not only satisfies the functional requirements of the expo， but also ensures sustainable use of the China Pavilion long after the expo ends.
If the China Pavilion employs traditional Chinese elements to embrace green concepts and technology， the International Pavilion integrates green concepts and technology into modern and fashionable designs. The International Pavilion boasts a public space with 94 huge steel“umbrellas” which look like blooming flowers from the distance. The expo will run through the hottest days of Beijing summer， and the overhead structures will help reduce muggy conditions for visitors waiting in line for entry. The “umbrella” columns can collect rainwater from the pavilion roof to be saved in a reservoir， used for landscaping and irrigation as well as road cleaning. When it rains too much， the water is directed into a drainage ditch. The pavilion uses glass for its external walls and skylights on the top to ensure natural lighting and minimizes need for electric lighting.
Green concepts and high-tech methods are intricately fused at the expo. Abundant new technologies including virtual reality， 5G， smart devices and mobile apps are maximizing the power of green concepts.
Ecology First
In addition to the green designs seen everywhere in the key pavilions and core landscape areas， the“ecological priority” concept was a constant theme throughout the entire process of planning and construction of the expo.
Guirui Lake， located at the core scenic area of the expo， was once a dilapidated fishpond. After pumping and dredging， the pond was excavated and expanded before transforming into a pristinely landscaped lake. Designers aimed to reconstruct Guirui Lake according to the landform and optimally merge artificial structures with the natural landscape. So rather than throwing away the mud excavated from the pond， it was transported around 100 meters west and became a small hill named Tiantian. At a height of 25 meters， the hill is now topped by the Pavilion of Eternal Tranquility which overlooks the expo site and serves as a landmark structure. To the east side of the hill are scenic terraced fields.
Contrasted with traditional artificial lakes， Guirui Lake uses recycled water from a Beijing-based water recycling plant. Before being stored in the lake， reclaimed water first enters a small wetland lake for purification next to the natural ecological display zone in the northern part of the expo site. It is then directed into the lake through underground pipelines. The lake is stocked with aquatic bottom dwellers such as freshwater mussels， spiral shells and Corbicula fluminea to clear the water and attract more fish.
Cases like Guirui Lake which put ecology first are abundant at the Beijing Expo. In the summer of 2017， the expo’s planning and design team surveyed species around the expo site. They determined that at least 46 species of plants， 44 species of birds， 14 species of butterflies and 17 species of odonatas inhabited the area. The team set the goal to ensure that the“indigenous residents” continue thrive and endeavored to leave the ecological chain more prosperous by improving the expo site’s natural environment.
To achieve this goal， the Beijing Expo created several “forest windows” in the poplar forest in the natural ecological display zone by chopping down sick and poorly growing trees， planting other trees and placing rocks and artificial nests to attract birds. Moreover， different hygrophytes were planted in the wetland next to the natural ecological display zone to provide shelters for aquatic birds and a habitat with abundant food for insects and benthos.
Such vivid interpretations and representations of the concept of “putting ecology first” inspire visitors to seek out harmonious coexistence between man and nature for the material basis of a beautiful home. They push the public to change lifestyles and more actively adopt green living.
Cultural and Horticultural Diversity Alike
An A1 category world horticultural exhibition—a largescale international exhibition of a long duration from three to six months—each International Horticultural Exhibition is sanctioned by the International Association of Horticultural Producers （AIPH）. With a long history， the expo had been held around 30 times by the end of 2018. China has a close relationship with the expo and AIPH. Before the 2019 Beijing Expo， China hosted the 1999 Kunming World Horticultural Exposition（A1 category） as well as several horticultural exhibitions in A2/ B1 categories in cities including Shenyang， Xi’an， Qingdao and Tangshan. By hosting the 2019 Beijing Expo， China hopes to show the world its efforts and progress in ecological conservation as well as its development of created individual gardens for the Beijing Expo， which serve as vivid demonstrations of exchange and cooperation between China and other countries. American landscape architect George Hargreaves and his team designed a garden to analyze the global environment between China and the United States， searching for similarities and differences between the East and the West. Drawing inspiration from the ancient Silk Road， British landscape designers Tom StuartSmith and James Hitchmough paved a garden road “from Beijing to the West” with European plants and tree species at the entrance and Beijing’s native plants at the core area of the garden. During the 162-day Beijing Expo， many international competitions involving flowers such as the peony， Chinese rose and orchid as well as for other outdoor plants will be held. AIPH President Bernard Oosterom believes that the 2019 Beijing Expo will gather the world’s top gardening experts， popularize green knowledge and best practices， promote professional horticultural production and international cooperation， and demonstrate cultural and horticultural diversity.
Humankind once regarded itself the master of nature. This arrogance reached a climax after the rise of the First Industrial Revolution starting around the 1760s. This situation later changed with exponential human development. Now， people have realized that mankind and nature must live together in a community with a shared future. Harmonious coexistence and sustainable development are of paramount importance. The 2019 Beijing Expo embodies this concept to the greatest extent， casts a far-reaching influence on the environment， economy and public health， and aims to build greener， healthier and happier residential communities.