新中国成立之初,我国(边)境管理非常严格,在那个年代非法出入境行为更具有敏感性极强的政治化色彩,通常被认定为反革命行为。在这种大背景下,非法出入境成了绝大多数中国人难以想象更难以做到的事情。20世纪80年代前非法出入境在人员结构方面单一,人数上规模很小,动因上比较简单明确,非法出境的手段、方式、途径也相对原始。改革开放后,伴随着出国热潮而出现的偷渡现象逐渐成为一个突出的社会问题,在人员结构、人数规模、地区分布,非法出入境的流向、手段、途径和行为方式,以及非法出入境的动因、后果、社会影响等方面都发生了巨大变化,表现出与以往不同的发展态势。 At the very beginning of the People’s Republic of China, the management of China’s (border) environment was very strict. At that time, illegal immigration was more politicized and highly sensitive. It was often regarded as a counter-revolutionary act. Against this backdrop, illegal immigration has become something that most Chinese can not imagine even harder to do. Before the 1980s, the illegal immigration was single in personnel structure. The number was small in scale. The reason was relatively simple and clear. The means, ways and means of illegal exit were relatively primitive. After the reform and opening up, the phenomenon of smuggling accompanied by the upsurge of going abroad gradually became a prominent social issue. In terms of personnel structure, population size, geographical distribution, the flow direction, means, ways and behavior of illegal immigration and exit, and the motivation for illegal immigration , Consequences, social impact and other aspects have undergone tremendous changes, showing a different development trend with the past.