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摘 要 目的:了解上海市松江區泖港镇社区居民对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗的知晓情况、接种意愿及相关原因,为推行新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗接种防控计划提供参考依据。方法:于2020年12月—2021年1月采取在上海市松江区泖港镇社区卫生服务中心张贴问卷二维码及在患者微信群内分享问卷二维码相结合的方法对社区居民进行调查,以返回有效问卷的492名社区居民为调查对象。结果:492名社区居民中,≥60岁者、离异/丧偶者和退休人员不愿意接种新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗的比例较高,485名(98.6%)社区居民听说过新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗,从互联网渠道(微信、微博、知乎等)获知的有428名(87.0%)。社区居民愿意接种新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗的主要原因是认为接种疫苗是有效的防治措施(85.0%)和能够保护他人不受感染(66.9%),不愿意接种的主要原因是对疫苗的副作用和安全性有顾虑(46.8%)。结论:社区卫生服务中心应针对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗的相关情况进行宣教,采取线上、线下相结合的宣传方式让社区居民了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗,提升他们的接种意愿。在国家相关部门努力研发新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗的同时,科学认识疫苗原理及注意事项是民众正确评价、看待疫苗接种问题的关键所在。
关键词 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗;接种意愿;原因调查
中图分类号:R183.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)16-0012-03
Investigation of the willingness and causes of vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 in Maogang Town, Songjiang District, Shanghai
HU Xiaoyuan1, SHEN Yahong2*, SHI Junfeng3(1. Community Department of Maogang Community Health Service Center of Songjiang District, Shanghai 201600, China; 2. General Practice Department of Maogang Community Health Service Center of Songjiang District, Shanghai 201600, China; 3. Department of Prosthodontics of Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the awareness, willingness and related reasons of community residents in Maogang Community, Songjiang District, Shanghai about the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) vaccine, and provide a reference for the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination prevention and control plan. Methods: From December 2020 to January 2021, the community residents were surveyed by a combination of posting the QR code of the questionnaire in the community health service center of Maogang Community, Songjiang District, Shanghai and sharing the QR code of the questionnaire in the WeChat group of patients. Four hundred and ninety-two community residents who returned valid questionnaires were the subjects of the survey. Results: Among the 492 community residents, those aged 60 or above, divorced/widowed, and retirees had higher proportions, who were unwilling to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, 485(98.6%) community residents had heard of the COVID-19 vaccine, and 428(87.0%) learned from the internet(WeChat, Weibo, Zhihu, etc.). The main reason for community residents’ willingness to vaccinate the COVID19 vaccine was that vaccination was an effective prevention measure(85.0%) and could protect others from infection(66.9%), and the main reason for unwillingness to vaccinate was the side effects and the concerning of the vaccine safety(46.8%). Conclusion: Community health service centers should conduct publicity and education on the COVID-19 vaccine, and adopt a combination of online and offline publicity methods to let community residents understand the COVID-19 vaccine and increase their willingness to vaccinate. Relevant national departments are trying their best to develop COVID-19 vaccine, and at the same time, scientific understanding of vaccine principles and precautions is also the key to the public’s correct evaluation and view of vaccination issues. KEY WORDS coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine; willingness of vaccination; cause investigation
新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情在全球暴发后,截至2021年2月已有近1.2亿人感染,240多万感染病例死亡,疫情波及到全球223个国家和地区[1]。我国自主研发的4种新冠肺炎疫苗,包括灭活病毒疫苗、腺病毒载体疫苗等均已得到正式获批使用[2]。我国目前主要针对部分重点人群进行疫苗接种,包括从事进口冷链、口岸检疫、医疗疾控等感染风险较高的人群。随着疫苗产量的逐步提升和接种工作的有序开展,符合条件的民众都能实现“应接尽接。”本次调查旨在了解上海市松江区泖港镇社区居民对新冠肺炎疫苗的知晓情况、接种意愿及相关原因,为推行新冠肺炎疫苗接种防控计划提供参考依据。
1.1 一般资料
于2020年12月—2021年1月采取在上海市松江区泖港镇社区卫生服务中心(简称中心)张贴问卷二维码及在患者微信群内分享问卷二维码相结合的方法对社区居民进行调查,以返回有效问卷的492名社区居民为调查对象。纳入标准:(1)知情同意,自愿参与本次调查;(2)能够自行填写问卷并通过微信上传。排除标准:(1)答题不完整;(2)答案前后存在明显逻辑错误;(3)无法自行填写问卷。
492名社区居民中,女性344名(69.9%),男性148名(30.1%);年龄在21~50岁之间的430名(87.4%);已婚者342名(69.5%);非独居者438名(89.0%);从事国家机关、事业单位、私营业主等工作的297名(60.4%);学历为本科及以上者415名(84.3%)。
1.2 研究方法
经查阅文献和咨询相关专家制订本次调查问卷,问卷主要包括被调查者的一般资料,新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿、知晓情况和接種意愿原因。
通过在中心张贴问卷二维码并在患者微信群内分享问卷二维码的方式推送问卷,在问卷内对填写要求进行详细解释,由参与调查的社区居民通过电子方式自行填写并提交问卷。本次调查共收到495份问卷,回收有效问卷492份,问卷有效回收率99.4%。
1.3 统计学方法
采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学分析,计数资料以百分率(%)表示,比较采用χ2检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1 新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿
492名社区居民中,≥60岁者、离异/丧偶者和退休人员不愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗的比例较高(表1)。
2.2 新冠肺炎疫苗知晓情况
本次调查中,485名(98.6%)社区居民听说过新冠肺炎疫苗,从互联网渠道(微信、微博、知乎等)获知的有428名(87.0%),其次为传统媒体(电视、报纸等)386名(78.5%)、当地医疗机构247名(50.2%)、亲朋好友217名(44.1%),仅有57名(11.6%)社区居民表示对新冠肺炎疫苗很了解。
2.3 新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿原因分析
社区居民愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗的主要原因是认为接种疫苗是有效的防治措施(85.0%)和能够保护他人不受感染(66.9%),不愿意接种的主要原因是对疫苗的副作用和安全性有顾虑(46.8%,表2)。
新冠肺炎是人类面临的严峻疾病考验,了解它的致病机制、传播途径、预防策略和进行疫苗接种能够在一定程度上降低其发病率[3]。本次调查结果显示,74.2%的社区居民愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗,这个结果略低于Lazarus等[4]于2020年6月进行的中国民众新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿调查结果(88.6%)。在不愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗的社区居民中,46.8%对疫苗的副作用和安全性有顾虑,2.4%认为如医务人员加大宣教力度,在获取更多信息的情况下可以考虑接种,其中≥60岁者、离异/丧偶者和退休人员不愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗的比例较高。社区防控是有效遏制新冠肺炎疫情传播和蔓延的关键[5],社区卫生服务中心应针对新冠肺炎疫苗的相关情况进行宣教,如在微信公众号上推送新冠肺炎疫苗科普文章,邀请专家进行新冠肺炎疫苗相关问题线上答疑等,采取线上、线下相结合的宣传方式让社区居民了解新冠肺炎疫苗,提升他们的接种意愿。
药物或疫苗的问世需要经过层层试验,公众对疫苗安全性的考虑也已成为了全球性公共卫生问题[6]。新冠肺炎病毒在传播过程中不断发生变异,其感染与免疫机制存在很多盲点,目前已研制疫苗的保护效力和免疫持久性仍然存在不确定性。在国家相关部门努力研发新冠肺炎疫苗的同时,科学认识疫苗的原理及注意事项是民众正确评价、看待疫苗接种问题的关键所在。
本次调查采取了非概率抽样方法,可能会影响研究样本的代表性。随着全球新冠肺炎疫情的发展、变化和对新冠肺炎疫苗的不断研究,大众对于新冠肺炎、新冠肺炎疫苗的认知和需求也会随之改变。以上问题将在今后开展进一步调查研究。
参考文献
[1] WHO. WHO coronavirus disease(COVID-19) dashboard[EB/ OL]. [2021-02-24]. https://covid19.who.int/.
[2] WHO. Status of COVID-19 Vaccines within WHO EUL/PQ evaluation process (20 January 2021)[EB/OL]. [2021-07-27]. https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/sites/default/files/documents/ Status_COVID_VAX_20Jan2021_v2.pdf.
[3] 徐莉, 葛瑾茹, 张玲玲, 等. 我国学者积极开展COVID-19防治研究并取得重要成果[J]. 中国药理学通报, 2021, 37(3): 301-308.
[4] Lazarus JV, Ratzan SC, Palayew A, et al. A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine[J]. Nat Med, 2021, 27(2): 225-228.
[5] 孟翠翠, 陈冬冬, 吴介元, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下长处方对慢性病管理带来的思考与挑战[J]. 上海医药, 2020, 41(12): 6-8.
[6] Larson HJ, de Figueiredo A, Xiahong Z, et al. The State of Vaccine Confidence 2016: Global Insights Through a 67-Country Survey[J]. Ebio Medicine, 2016, (12): 295-301.
关键词 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗;接种意愿;原因调查
中图分类号:R183.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)16-0012-03
Investigation of the willingness and causes of vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 in Maogang Town, Songjiang District, Shanghai
HU Xiaoyuan1, SHEN Yahong2*, SHI Junfeng3(1. Community Department of Maogang Community Health Service Center of Songjiang District, Shanghai 201600, China; 2. General Practice Department of Maogang Community Health Service Center of Songjiang District, Shanghai 201600, China; 3. Department of Prosthodontics of Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the awareness, willingness and related reasons of community residents in Maogang Community, Songjiang District, Shanghai about the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) vaccine, and provide a reference for the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination prevention and control plan. Methods: From December 2020 to January 2021, the community residents were surveyed by a combination of posting the QR code of the questionnaire in the community health service center of Maogang Community, Songjiang District, Shanghai and sharing the QR code of the questionnaire in the WeChat group of patients. Four hundred and ninety-two community residents who returned valid questionnaires were the subjects of the survey. Results: Among the 492 community residents, those aged 60 or above, divorced/widowed, and retirees had higher proportions, who were unwilling to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, 485(98.6%) community residents had heard of the COVID-19 vaccine, and 428(87.0%) learned from the internet(WeChat, Weibo, Zhihu, etc.). The main reason for community residents’ willingness to vaccinate the COVID19 vaccine was that vaccination was an effective prevention measure(85.0%) and could protect others from infection(66.9%), and the main reason for unwillingness to vaccinate was the side effects and the concerning of the vaccine safety(46.8%). Conclusion: Community health service centers should conduct publicity and education on the COVID-19 vaccine, and adopt a combination of online and offline publicity methods to let community residents understand the COVID-19 vaccine and increase their willingness to vaccinate. Relevant national departments are trying their best to develop COVID-19 vaccine, and at the same time, scientific understanding of vaccine principles and precautions is also the key to the public’s correct evaluation and view of vaccination issues. KEY WORDS coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine; willingness of vaccination; cause investigation
新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情在全球暴发后,截至2021年2月已有近1.2亿人感染,240多万感染病例死亡,疫情波及到全球223个国家和地区[1]。我国自主研发的4种新冠肺炎疫苗,包括灭活病毒疫苗、腺病毒载体疫苗等均已得到正式获批使用[2]。我国目前主要针对部分重点人群进行疫苗接种,包括从事进口冷链、口岸检疫、医疗疾控等感染风险较高的人群。随着疫苗产量的逐步提升和接种工作的有序开展,符合条件的民众都能实现“应接尽接。”本次调查旨在了解上海市松江区泖港镇社区居民对新冠肺炎疫苗的知晓情况、接种意愿及相关原因,为推行新冠肺炎疫苗接种防控计划提供参考依据。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
于2020年12月—2021年1月采取在上海市松江区泖港镇社区卫生服务中心(简称中心)张贴问卷二维码及在患者微信群内分享问卷二维码相结合的方法对社区居民进行调查,以返回有效问卷的492名社区居民为调查对象。纳入标准:(1)知情同意,自愿参与本次调查;(2)能够自行填写问卷并通过微信上传。排除标准:(1)答题不完整;(2)答案前后存在明显逻辑错误;(3)无法自行填写问卷。
492名社区居民中,女性344名(69.9%),男性148名(30.1%);年龄在21~50岁之间的430名(87.4%);已婚者342名(69.5%);非独居者438名(89.0%);从事国家机关、事业单位、私营业主等工作的297名(60.4%);学历为本科及以上者415名(84.3%)。
1.2 研究方法
经查阅文献和咨询相关专家制订本次调查问卷,问卷主要包括被调查者的一般资料,新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿、知晓情况和接種意愿原因。
通过在中心张贴问卷二维码并在患者微信群内分享问卷二维码的方式推送问卷,在问卷内对填写要求进行详细解释,由参与调查的社区居民通过电子方式自行填写并提交问卷。本次调查共收到495份问卷,回收有效问卷492份,问卷有效回收率99.4%。
1.3 统计学方法
采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学分析,计数资料以百分率(%)表示,比较采用χ2检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿
492名社区居民中,≥60岁者、离异/丧偶者和退休人员不愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗的比例较高(表1)。
2.2 新冠肺炎疫苗知晓情况
本次调查中,485名(98.6%)社区居民听说过新冠肺炎疫苗,从互联网渠道(微信、微博、知乎等)获知的有428名(87.0%),其次为传统媒体(电视、报纸等)386名(78.5%)、当地医疗机构247名(50.2%)、亲朋好友217名(44.1%),仅有57名(11.6%)社区居民表示对新冠肺炎疫苗很了解。
2.3 新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿原因分析
社区居民愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗的主要原因是认为接种疫苗是有效的防治措施(85.0%)和能够保护他人不受感染(66.9%),不愿意接种的主要原因是对疫苗的副作用和安全性有顾虑(46.8%,表2)。
3 讨论
新冠肺炎是人类面临的严峻疾病考验,了解它的致病机制、传播途径、预防策略和进行疫苗接种能够在一定程度上降低其发病率[3]。本次调查结果显示,74.2%的社区居民愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗,这个结果略低于Lazarus等[4]于2020年6月进行的中国民众新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿调查结果(88.6%)。在不愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗的社区居民中,46.8%对疫苗的副作用和安全性有顾虑,2.4%认为如医务人员加大宣教力度,在获取更多信息的情况下可以考虑接种,其中≥60岁者、离异/丧偶者和退休人员不愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗的比例较高。社区防控是有效遏制新冠肺炎疫情传播和蔓延的关键[5],社区卫生服务中心应针对新冠肺炎疫苗的相关情况进行宣教,如在微信公众号上推送新冠肺炎疫苗科普文章,邀请专家进行新冠肺炎疫苗相关问题线上答疑等,采取线上、线下相结合的宣传方式让社区居民了解新冠肺炎疫苗,提升他们的接种意愿。
药物或疫苗的问世需要经过层层试验,公众对疫苗安全性的考虑也已成为了全球性公共卫生问题[6]。新冠肺炎病毒在传播过程中不断发生变异,其感染与免疫机制存在很多盲点,目前已研制疫苗的保护效力和免疫持久性仍然存在不确定性。在国家相关部门努力研发新冠肺炎疫苗的同时,科学认识疫苗的原理及注意事项是民众正确评价、看待疫苗接种问题的关键所在。
本次调查采取了非概率抽样方法,可能会影响研究样本的代表性。随着全球新冠肺炎疫情的发展、变化和对新冠肺炎疫苗的不断研究,大众对于新冠肺炎、新冠肺炎疫苗的认知和需求也会随之改变。以上问题将在今后开展进一步调查研究。
参考文献
[1] WHO. WHO coronavirus disease(COVID-19) dashboard[EB/ OL]. [2021-02-24]. https://covid19.who.int/.
[2] WHO. Status of COVID-19 Vaccines within WHO EUL/PQ evaluation process (20 January 2021)[EB/OL]. [2021-07-27]. https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/sites/default/files/documents/ Status_COVID_VAX_20Jan2021_v2.pdf.
[3] 徐莉, 葛瑾茹, 张玲玲, 等. 我国学者积极开展COVID-19防治研究并取得重要成果[J]. 中国药理学通报, 2021, 37(3): 301-308.
[4] Lazarus JV, Ratzan SC, Palayew A, et al. A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine[J]. Nat Med, 2021, 27(2): 225-228.
[5] 孟翠翠, 陈冬冬, 吴介元, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下长处方对慢性病管理带来的思考与挑战[J]. 上海医药, 2020, 41(12): 6-8.
[6] Larson HJ, de Figueiredo A, Xiahong Z, et al. The State of Vaccine Confidence 2016: Global Insights Through a 67-Country Survey[J]. Ebio Medicine, 2016, (12): 295-301.