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目的探讨miR‐26a在儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病（B‐ALL）中的表达及意义。方法收集B‐ALL患儿38例（观察组），以非血液病患儿18例为对照组，采集患儿骨髓标本，提取总RNA ，Realtime PCR检测miR‐26a的表达，比较不同组别、时间和年龄等患儿中miR‐26a的表达。结果观察组中miR‐26a表达显著低于对照组（ P ＜0．05）；观察组治疗前miR‐26a表达明显低于治疗d30及第12周（ P＜0．05），而治疗d30的表达低于第12周（ P ＜0．05）；10岁以上患儿组miR‐26a的表达低于10岁以下组（ P＜0．05）；低危组高于中、高危组（ P ＜0．05），而中危组高于高危组（ P＜0．05）。结论 miR‐26a在儿童B‐ALL中可能存在抑癌作用，可能是预后预测的潜在标志物。“,”[Objective]To explore the expression and clinical significance of miR‐26a in childhood B‐cell a‐cute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) .[Methods]Bone marrow samples were collected from 38 children with B‐cell ALL and 18 controls with non‐hematologic diseases .Total RNA was harvested from bone marrow .Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the expression level of miR‐26a .[Results]The relative expression level of miR‐26a was remarkably lower in B‐cell ALL group than that in controls ( P <0 .05) .And the expression of miR‐26a in newly diagnosed samples was lower than those in Day 30 and Week 12 samples respectively ( P <0 .05) .Also its expression in Day 30 samples was lower than those in Week 12 samples ( P<0 .05) .And its expression in children aged over 10 years old was significantly lower than those in children aged under 10 years ( P <0 .05) .Its expression was higher in low‐risk group than those in middle and high‐risk groups respectively ( P <0 .05) .There was significant difference between middle and high‐risk groups ( P <0 .05) .[Conclusion]miR‐26a has tumor suppressor effect so that it may become a potential prog‐nostic biomarker for childhood B cell ALL .