一、传统体制下企业动力机制的缺位企业动力机制的中心问题是动力激励机制。企业运行的主动力和逆动力,主要是靠物质利益来驱使和制动的。因此,经济利益就成为企业动力机制的枢纽。企业的主动力就其作为一个相对独立的商品生产者和经营者来说,是企业自身的利益和职工的利益。主动力表现为以下两种具体形式:其一是企业职工和领导人的社会责任感、荣誉感、进取精神和开拓意识;其二是职工和企业领导者对劳动的兴趣。企业的逆动力是指外界环境的激发力。随着宏观调控体系的逐步完善,预算约束逐渐趋于硬化,市场竞争的展开,使企业处于市场竞争的风口浪头上,尤如逆水行舟,只有努力改善经营管理,才能获得生存和发展。这就使企业形成了一种由环境激发而产生的动力。在原有的经济体制下,企业动力机制主要依靠行政手段的推动。在有计划商品经济条件下,行政手段仍然具有重要作用,但更主要的是运用各种经济手段的推动。应该看 I. The absence of the enterprise’s dynamic mechanism under the traditional system The central issue of the enterprise’s dynamic mechanism is the power incentive mechanism. The main driving force and reverse power of enterprises are mainly driven by material interests. Therefore, economic interests have become the hub of the enterprise’s dynamic mechanism. The main driving force of an enterprise is that, as a relatively independent commodity producer and operator, it is the enterprise’s own interests and the employees’ interests. The main dynamics are represented by the following two specific forms: First, the social responsibility, sense of honor, enterprising spirit, and pioneering awareness of employees and leaders of enterprises; second, the interest of employees and business leaders in labor. The reverse power of the enterprise refers to the excitement of the external environment. With the gradual improvement of the macro-control system, the budget constraint has gradually hardened, and the market competition has begun to make enterprises in the wave of competition in the market competition. It is like running against the tide. Only by working hard to improve the management can we survive and develop. This allows companies to create a motivating force generated by the environment. Under the original economic system, the power mechanism of enterprises mainly depends on the promotion of administrative measures. Under the condition of a planned commodity economy, administrative measures still play an important role, but more importantly, they are promoted by various economic means. Should look