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为研究硝态氮含量对调制后烟叶高温贮藏过程中TSNA形成的影响,设计白肋烟田间施氮肥量试验、室内对烤烟烟叶添加不同浓度硝酸盐试验,并对白肋烟和烤烟的叶片和烟梗分别取样,得到硝态氮含量差异较大样品。将样品在高温(45℃)条件下贮藏15 d,以在低温(10℃)条件下贮藏作为对照,测定所有样品的硝态氮和TSNA含量。结果表明:烟叶中硝态氮含量与施氮量呈正相关;新调制的烟叶硝态氮含量与TSNAs相关性较小,在高温贮藏15 d后,其相关性显著增加,烟叶硝态氮含量与高温贮藏期间TSNAs的增加量呈显著正相关;白肋烟和烤烟均表现出烟叶主脉中的硝态氮含量远高于叶片,高温贮藏15 d后,主脉TSNA增加量显著高于叶片;在人工添加硝酸盐的试验中,随添加硝酸盐量的增加,烤烟烟叶硝态氮含量及高温贮藏后TSNA含量显著增加。以上说明硝态氮含量与高温贮藏过程中TSNAs的形成有密切关系,通过农业措施降低烟叶硝态氮积累是减少贮藏过程中TSNA形成的有效途径。
In order to study the effect of nitrate content on the formation of TSNA during the storage of high-temperature tobacco leaves, the experiment of applying nitrogen fertilizer on Burley tobacco field was designed. The indoor experiment of adding different concentrations of nitrate to tobacco leaves was conducted. The stems were sampled separately to obtain samples with large differences in nitrate nitrogen content. The samples were stored at high temperature (45 ℃) for 15 days and stored at low temperature (10 ℃) for comparison. The nitrate nitrogen and TSNA contents of all the samples were determined. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between nitrate nitrogen content and nitrogen application rate in tobacco leaf. The nitrate nitrogen content in fresh tobacco leaves was less correlated with TSNAs, and the correlation was significantly increased after 15 days storage at high temperature. TSNAs increased significantly during storage at high temperature. Burley and flue-cured tobacco showed that nitrate content in the main vein of tobacco leaves was much higher than that of leaves. After 15 days of high temperature storage, TSNA increased significantly in the main vein; In the experiment of adding nitrate by hand, the content of nitrate nitrogen and the content of TSNA in tobacco increased significantly with the increase of nitrate addition. It is concluded that the nitrate content is closely related to the formation of TSNAs during storage at high temperature. Reducing the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in tobacco leaves through agricultural measures is an effective way to reduce the TSNA formation during storage.