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文物作为一种不可再生的宝贵资源,其本体上的保护修复工作均需慎之又慎,需遵循国际上规定的“最小干预”及“可逆性”基本原则。为此,虚拟修复成为对文物动手修复时的重要辅助手段。然而,多数文物具有复杂立体结构和色彩,传统的虚拟修复技术难以实现逼真效果。三维激光扫描是近年来飞跃发展的一项高新测绘与信息技术,具有无损、空间精度高、速度快等突出优势,在文物数字留存及相关保护应用中发挥了重要作用。三维激光扫描技术与高清摄影技术相结合,为文物的虚拟修复带来新的契机。本文结合文物虚拟修复基本需求分析,提出了基于三维激光扫描技术的文物虚拟修复关键技术与工作流程,并以国家一号石质文物保护工程——大足石刻宝顶山千手观音造像的保护修复为例,进行了应用实践,综合历史资料和现有数据的分析,实现了三维形态及色彩的虚拟修复。结果表明,基于三维扫描的虚拟修复能够提供更为逼真的三维虚拟修复模型,供修复专家研究参考。
As an invaluable resource that can not be regenerated, cultural relics should be cautious and prudent in the protection and restoration of their ontology. The basic principles of “minimum intervention” and “reversibility” stipulated in the international community must be followed. To this end, virtual repair has become an important aid to cultural relics repair. However, most cultural relics have complex three-dimensional structure and color, and the traditional virtual repair technology is difficult to achieve the realistic effect. Three-dimensional laser scanning is a high-tech mapping and information technology that has developed rapidly in recent years. It has the outstanding advantages of non-destructive, high spatial accuracy and high speed, playing an important role in the preservation of cultural relics and the application of related protection. The combination of 3D laser scanning technology and HD photography brings new opportunities for the virtual restoration of cultural relics. In this paper, based on the analysis of the basic needs of relics virtual restoration, the key technologies and work flow of relic restoration based on 3D laser scanning technology are put forward. The protection and restoration of Baoding Avalokitesvara As an example, carried out the application of practice, integrated historical data and analysis of existing data, to achieve the three-dimensional shape and color of the virtual repair. The results show that the virtual reconstruction based on 3D scanning can provide a more realistic three-dimensional virtual restoration model for reference of repair experts.