20世纪80年代以来,美国名义上的贸易逆差不断扩大,但其实际上的贸易逆差要小得多。因为:(1)大量在跨国公司母子公司内部发生的交易难以准确反映美国贸易状况;(2)传统的贸易统计方法扩大了贸易逆差;(3)电子商务、网络贸易的出现改变了贸易差额的内涵,通过缩小美国的出口数据扩大了贸易逆差。由此可见,对外贸易影响经济增长的因素是经济福利,而不是名义顺(逆)差;发展中国家应正确看待贸易差额,避免走入经济发展的误区。 Since the 1980s, the nominal trade deficit in the United States has been constantly expanding, but its actual trade deficit has been much smaller. Because: (1) a large number of transactions within the parent company of multinational corporations difficult to accurately reflect the status of the United States trade; (2) the traditional trade statistics expanded the trade deficit; (3) the emergence of e-commerce, online trade has changed the trade balance Connotation, widening the trade deficit by narrowing US export data. Thus it can be seen that the factor that foreign trade affects economic growth is economic welfare rather than nominal (adverse); developing countries should view trade balance correctly and avoid going wrong with economic development.