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根据近20年我国冬油菜区域试验的汇总资料,对长江上、中、下游及黄淮4组油菜新品种产量性状及抗病性状进行了分析。结果表明,冬油菜新品种平均产量整体呈上升趋势,且黄淮组产量水平高于其他组;各组平均单株有效角果数变化不明显,而平均每果粒数和千粒重呈上升趋势,长江流域每果粒数增量高于黄淮组,但千粒重增量低于黄淮组;冬油菜新品种菌核病和病毒病发病率下降明显,菌核病发病率最低时降到5%以下。今后一段时间内增加新品种每角粒数和千粒重是冬油菜遗传改良的重点。
According to the summary data of winter rapeseed in China in recent 20 years, the yield traits and disease resistance traits of the four rapeseed cultivars in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River-Huaihe River were analyzed. The results showed that the average yield of new winter rape varieties showed an overall upward trend, and the yield level of Huanghuai group was higher than that of other groups. The average effective fruit number per plant did not change obviously in each group, while the average number of per plant and 1000-grain weight tended to increase. The increment of grain per fruit in the Yangtze River Basin was higher than that of the Huanghuai Formation, but the increment of 1000-grain weight was lower than that of the Huanghuai Formation. The incidence of sclerotinia and virus was significantly decreased in the new rapeseed varieties. The incidence of sclerotinia decreased to 5% the following. Increasing the number of grains and 1000-grain weight of new varieties in the future will be the focus of genetic improvement of winter rapeseed.