目的　探讨西安地区食管癌与 p5 3和 H- Ras高表达的关系 .方法　应用分子流行病学研究方法 ,调查分析了西安地区 6 1例病例、43例对照的基础资料并检测组织中 p5 3和H- Ras高表达情况 .结果　病例组 p5 3和 H- Ras的高表达率(分别为 80 .3% ,41.0 % )均高于对照组 (30 .2 % ,16 .3% ,P<0 .0 1) .p5 3高表达的危险因素是 H- Ras高表达与肿瘤家族史且二者具有协同作用 .结论　 p5 3和 H- Ras高表达是西安地区食管癌重要的生物学标志 Objective To explore the relationship between esophageal cancer and high expression of p53 and H-Ras in Xi’an area. Methods Molecular epidemiological methods were used to investigate and analyze the basic data of 61 cases and 43 controls in Xi’an area and detect p5 3 and High expression of H-Ras. Results The high expression rates of p53 and H-Ras in the case group (80.3% and 41.0%, respectively) were higher than those in the control group (30.2%, 16.3%, P<0. .0 1) The high expression risk factors of .p5 3 are high expression of H-Ras and family history of tumors and they have synergistic effect. Conclusions The high expression of p53 and H-Ras is an important biomarker for esophageal cancer in Xi’an area.