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[目的]探讨苯作业工人外周血白细胞(WBC)变化及其影响因素。[方法]对1 172名研究对象进行血常规检查和问卷调查,采用趋势χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法进行构成比及率的比较,采用单因素方差分析和有序多分类logistic逐步回归分析,探讨苯作业工人白细胞减少的危险因素。[结果]随着苯接触浓度及工龄增加,工人白细胞异常率升高(P<0.01),工人白细胞波动率及降低率升高(P<0.01);不同苯接触浓度、性别、工龄、吸烟及饮酒情况工人白细胞计数有差异(P<0.05);进入有序多分类logistic逐步回归模型的因素有苯接触水平、年龄、工龄、吸烟、工作场所存在其他化学毒物及居住环境周围存在严重污染设施(P<0.05)。[结论]白细胞计数是苯作业工人较敏感的造血系统毒性效应指标,苯接触浓度增加、工龄延长、年龄≥45岁、工作场所空气中存在甲醛等化学毒物及居住环境存在严重污染项目可增加苯作业工人白细胞计数减少的危险性,吸烟使白细胞计数升高。
[Objective] To investigate the changes of peripheral blood leukocytes (WBC) in benzene workers and its influencing factors. [Methods] A total of 1 172 subjects were examined by blood tests and questionnaires. The proportions and rates of comparisons were analyzed by trend χ2 test or Fisher exact test. One-way ANOVA and sequential multi-class logistic regression analysis Benzene workers risk factors for leukopenia. [Results] The worker leukocyte abnormality rate increased (P <0.01) and the worker white blood cell fluctuation rate and the decrease rate increased (P <0.01) as the benzene exposure concentration and the service life increased. The benzene exposure concentration, the sex, the service life, the smoking and (P <0.05). There were differences in the level of benzene exposure, age, length of service, smoking, presence of other chemical poisons in the workplace, and serious pollution around the living environment in the orderly and multinomial logistic stepwise regression model P <0.05). [Conclusion] The white blood cell count is a sensitive indicator of hematopoietic toxicity in benzene workers. The benzene exposure concentration is increased, the length of service is longer, the age is 45 years old. There is formaldehyde and other chemical poisons in the air in the workplace and the living environment is seriously polluted. Workers reduce the risk of white blood cell count, smoking, so that white blood cell count increased.