乌鲁木齐市地处欧亚大陆腹地 ,三面环山 ,地形复杂 ,气候多变 ,生态环境脆弱 ,是多种灾害频繁发生的主要地区之一。乌鲁木齐每年都有程度不同的灾害发生 ,特别是人为灾害———环境污染。近年来 ,随着城市人口密集和社会发展 ,生命线工程、城市基础设施建设使人为灾害发生的频次越来越高 ,城市灾害所带来的损失和破坏性也在大幅增加。因此 ,研究如何防御和减轻自然灾害和人为灾害对城市和环境的破坏 ,已成为一个重大的社会问题。 Urumqi is located in the hinterland of Eurasia, surrounded by mountains on three sides, complex terrain, climate change, ecological environment is fragile, is one of the frequent occurrence of many disasters. Urumqi has varying degrees of disasters every year, especially man-made disasters --- environmental pollution. In recent years, with the densely populated urban areas and social development, lifeline engineering and urban infrastructure construction have made man-made disasters more frequent and the losses and destructive effects of urban disasters have also risen sharply. Therefore, studying how to prevent and mitigate the damage to the city and the environment caused by natural disasters and man-made disasters has become a major social issue.