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近20年来,Levinson等(Levinson 2003:22-23;Levinson&Wilkins 2006:512-552)对于空间问题的研究,在国外学界重新引发了对语言相对论的讨论热潮。但是Talmy(2000:178;2005:199-234)针对语言空间系统提出了一个整体研究框架:基本空间图式系统。基本空间图式系统由三个主要部分组成:成员部分、复合部分和增益部分。成员部分是由基本空间范畴和基本空间元素组成的一个封闭集合。各种语言的封闭语类形式都可以从成员部分提取构建空间图式所需的主要空间范畴和空间元素。这一框架反映语言共性。本文通过对Talmy空间系统的分析,认为物质空间域属于语言表达的基本域。语言空间图式体系类似拓扑系统,体现着语言共性。因此,Levinson等通过空间表征强调语言相对论或语言决定论的观点有失偏颇。
In the recent 20 years, Levinson et al. (Levinson 2003: 22-23; Levinson & Wilkins 2006: 512-552) researches spatial problems and has rekindled a heated discussion on language relativity in foreign academic circles. However, Talmy (2000: 178; 2005: 199-234) proposed an overall research framework for the language space system: the basic spatial schema system. The basic spatial schema system consists of three main parts: the member part, the composite part and the gain part. Membership is a closed collection of basic spatial categories and basic spatial elements. Closed linguistic forms of each language can extract the main spatial categories and spatial elements needed to construct the spatial schema from the member parts. This framework reflects language commonality. Through the analysis of Talmy space system, this paper considers that the physical space domain belongs to the basic domain of language expression. Language Spatial schemata similar topological system, reflects the language of commonality. Therefore, Levinson et al. Have biased the idea of emphasizing linguistic relativity or linguistic determinism through spatial representation.