论文部分内容阅读
目的了解云南省楚雄彝族自治州(楚雄州)140例肾综合征出血热(HFRS)病例的流行病学特征,为防控提供依据。方法选择2014—2015年楚雄州经实验室和临床确诊的HFRS病例,通过流行病学个案调查,将资料录入Epi Data数据库,采用Spss 17.0统计软件进行描述性分析。结果 2014—2015年楚雄州累计报告HFRS病例144例,其中140例通过完整的流行病学调查,年平均发病率2.61/10万,楚雄市发病率最高(5.04/10万),是武定县的28.136倍(c2=28.050,P<0.001);发病以20~60岁农民为主、占78.6%,发病呈春季高峰;140例病例房内有鼠活动的占61.4%,22.1%发病前一个月曾接触鼠类,分别有25.0%和20.7%的病例曾在鼠洞附近及场院禾草上坐卧过,工作场所有鼠或鼠排泄物的占56.4%。结论楚雄州HFRS疫情分布呈高度散发又相对集中的特点,以气溶胶方式通过呼吸道传播为主,应加强疫情监测、降低鼠密度、整治环境卫生,针对农民开展健康教育。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of 140 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (CHRS) in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Chuxiong Prefecture) in Yunnan Province, and to provide basis for prevention and control. Methods Cholera confirmed the laboratory and clinical diagnosis of HFRS in Chuxiong Prefecture from 2014 to 2015. Data were collected in the Epi Data database through epidemiological case studies and analyzed descriptively using Spss 17.0 statistical software. Results In 2014-2015, a total of 144 cases of HFRS were reported in Chuxiong State, of which 140 cases passed the complete epidemiological investigation with an average annual incidence of 2.61 / 100000 and the highest incidence of Chuxiong (5.04 / 100000) (C2 = 28.050, P <0.001). The incidence was mainly from peasants aged 20-60 years, accounting for 78.6% of the total. The incidence peaked in spring. In 140 cases, there were 61.4% Months have been exposed to rodents, respectively, 25.0% and 20.7% of the cases had been sitting in the vicinity of rat holes and field grass lying on the grass, rats or rats in the workplace accounted for 56.4% of body waste. Conclusion The epidemic situation of HFRS in Chuxiong Prefecture is highly distributed and relatively concentrated. It is mainly aerosol-based transmission through the respiratory tract. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of epidemic situation, reduce the density of rats, rectify the environmental hygiene and carry out health education for peasants.