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目的描述医院感染在时间、科室和患者人群中的分布,探讨医院感染的发生状况,为控制医院感染提供依据。方法对2010和2011年医院感染患者进行前瞻性监测,收集患者的住院基本资料和医院感染相关资料,建立住院患者与医院感染患者数据库,并进行统计分析。结果两年收纳住院患者23.3万例,发生医院感染4640例、11 784例次,感染率为1.99%、例次感染率为5.05%;2011年医院感染率为1.93%,略低于2010年的2.02%(P<0.05);男性感染率为2.15%,女性为1.79%,男性感染率高于女性(P<0.05);<4岁儿童、>75岁老年患者感染率高于青壮年患者;外科重症监护病房、血液科、急诊科、呼吸内科和神经内科是医院感染高发科室,感染率分别为23.73%、11.18%、9.77%、9.43%和8.24%;呼吸、血液和泌尿系统是常见的感染部位,分别占50.91%、15.16%、14.17%;细菌和真菌是医院感染最常见的病原菌,以革兰阴性菌为主,占49.26%。结论建立了两年住院患者和医院感染患者数据库,明确了医院感染在时间、科室和患者中的分布及医院感染的感染部位、主要发生科室和病原体,为进一步的目标性监测奠定了基础,并为制定相应的医院感染预防控制措施提供了依据。
Objective To describe the distribution of nosocomial infections in time, department and patient population, to explore the occurrence of nosocomial infections and to provide the basis for the control of nosocomial infections. Methods Prospective monitoring was performed on nosocomial infections in 2010 and 2011. Basic data of hospitalized patients and nosocomial infections were collected. A database of inpatients and nosocomial infections was established and statistically analyzed. Results The number of inpatients admitted in hospital was 233,000 in two years, with 4640 cases and 11784 cases of hospital infection, the infection rate was 1.99% and the infection rate was 5. 05%. The hospital infection rate in 2011 was 1.93%, slightly lower than that in 2010 2.02% (P <0.05). The infection rate was 2.15% in males and 1.79% in females, and the prevalence rate in males was higher than that in females (P <0.05). The infection rate in elderly children aged> 4 years and> 75 years old was higher than that in young adults; Surgical intensive care unit, hematology department, emergency department, respiratory medicine and neurology were the high incidence of nosocomial infection, the infection rates were 23.73%, 11.18%, 9.77%, 9.43% and 8.24% respectively; respiratory, blood and urinary system were common The infected sites accounted for 50.91%, 15.16% and 14.17% respectively. Bacteria and fungi were the most common pathogen of nosocomial infections, with Gram-negative bacteria accounting for 49.26%. Conclusion The database of inpatients and nosocomial infections in two years was established. The distribution of nosocomial infections in time, departments and patients, and the infection sites of nosocomial infections were identified. The main pathogens and pathogens occurred, which laid the foundation for further target monitoring. Which provides the basis for formulating the corresponding hospital infection prevention and control measures.