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在历史唯物主义乃至马克思主义中,梦、希望、预先推定等范畴究竟占据什么地位?这既是历史唯物主义的一个重大理论前沿问题,也是马克思主义的一个重大实践导向问题。一旦回眸全部哲学史教程,尤其是传统马克思主义哲学教科书,我们就满目荒凉,顿觉一片废墟和瓦砾场。在此,我们打着灯笼也寻觅不到与人类全部生活息息相关、须臾相伴的“梦”、“希望”、“预先推定”等范畴的踪影,更难找到波澜壮阔、栩栩如生的人类“造梦”、“寻梦”、“圆梦”的鲜活场景。作为一个创造性的马克思主义哲学家,恩斯特·布洛赫力挽狂澜,石破天惊,重构历史唯物主义范畴,首次将梦-希望-预先推定置于历史唯物主义基本范畴中,由此重新奠定了我们人类学特性的基础,创造性地丰富和拓展了历史唯物主义乃至马克思主义的范畴的基本内涵和精神实质。
In the historical materialism and even in Marxism, what are the categories of dreams, hopes and presuppositions? This is not only a major theoretical frontier issue of historical materialism, but also a major practical orientation issue of Marxism. When we look back at all the history of philosophy, especially the traditional Marxist philosophy textbooks, we find desolation, a ruin of rubble and rubble. Here, we can not find traces of such fields as “dream ”, “hope ”, “presumption ”, which are closely related to all human beings and are more difficult to find magnificent and lifelike Human “dream ”, “dream ”, “dreams ” vivid scenes. As a creative Marxist philosopher, Ernst Bloch turned the tide and made a startling attempt to reconstruct the category of historical materialism and, for the first time, put the dream-hope-presumed presumption in the basic categories of historical materialism, thus re-establishing us Anthropological characteristics of the foundation, creatively enrich and expand the historical materialism and Marxist category of the basic connotation and spiritual essence.