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核技术农业应用是农业高新技术的重要组成部分, 为农业生产的持续发展作出了重要贡献。围绕优质、高产、抗逆等育种目标,利用辐射诱变和相关技术相结合,已在 40 多种植物中获得突变品种 513 个。一些新的诱变方法如离子束诱变、低磁处理、空间诱变等应用于诱变育种,获得了一批优良突变体和新品种。优质农作物和一些高附加值的园艺植物的育种日益受到重视,并提出了一些创新性的育种技术用于指导育种实践。中国已批准了 18 种辐照农产品和食品及 6 类辐照食品的卫生标准。食品和农产品辐照加工发展迅速, 1999 年辐照食品和农产品达 8 万吨。核技术和相关技术在土肥管理、农用化合物污染、土壤侵蚀、动物营养、生殖和疾病诊断方面得到广泛应用,并在农业资源的优化利用和动物生产与健康方面取得了显著的经济和社会效益。应用昆虫不育技术防治多种害虫的研究,为重要经济作物害虫防治提供了技术储备。最后,作者展望了核技术在解决重大农业问题中的作用和应用领域。
Nuclear Technology Agricultural applications are an important part of agricultural high-tech and make an important contribution to the sustainable development of agricultural production. Around the high quality, high yield, resistance and other breeding objectives, the combination of radiation mutagenesis and related technologies, 513 varieties have been obtained in more than 40 varieties of mutations. Some new mutagenesis methods such as ion beam mutagenesis, low magnetic treatment, space mutagenesis and so on are applied to mutagenesis breeding, and a number of excellent mutants and new varieties are obtained. Breeding of high-quality crops and some high value-added horticultural plants is gaining more and more attention and some innovative breeding techniques are proposed to guide breeding practice. China has approved the hygiene standards for 18 kinds of irradiated agricultural products and foods and 6 kinds of irradiated foods. Irradiation processing of food and agricultural products has been developing rapidly. In 1999, irradiated food and agricultural products amounted to 80,000 tons. Nuclear technology and related technologies are widely used in the management of soil and fertilizers, pollution of agricultural compounds, soil erosion, animal nutrition, reproduction and disease diagnosis, and have achieved significant economic and social benefits in terms of optimal utilization of agricultural resources and animal production and health. The application of the technology of insect infertility in the prevention and control of various pests has provided technical reserves for the prevention and control of important economic crop pests. Finally, the author looks forward to the role and application of nuclear technology in solving major agricultural issues.