[目的]了解江苏省常熟市0～6岁儿童智力发育状况、智力残疾的患病率,分析致残原因并寻求对策。[方法]采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法。抽查4个乡镇8个村的0～6岁儿童199名,用丹佛发育筛查法进行智力筛选检查,阳性者采用盖塞尔发展诊断量表及婴儿-初中学生社会生活能力量表进一步行诊断性测试。[结果]确诊为智力残疾者共2人,智力残疾患病率为1.005%。新生儿窒息与教养不当是儿童两个重要的致残原因。[结论]智力残疾既有生物性因素,又有社会文化等后天性因素。通过早发现、早干预、早教育,积极进行康复治疗与训练,促进其尽早地回归正常人群。 [Objective] To investigate the prevalence of mental retardation and mental retardation among children aged 0 ~ 6 in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, and analyze the causes of disability and seek countermeasures. [Methods] The hierarchical multistage cluster sampling method was used. A total of 199 children aged 0-6 years from 8 villages in 4 towns and 8 villages were randomly selected and screened by the Denver Developmental Screening Test. The positive subjects were further diagnosed by using the Geisel Developmental Diagnostic Questionnaire and Infant-Junior High School Social Life Scale Sex test. [Results] A total of 2 people were diagnosed as having intellectual disabilities, the prevalence of mental disabilities was 1.005%. Neonatal asphyxia and improper education are two important causes of disability in children. [Conclusion] There are biological factors such as intellectual disabilities and acquired factors such as social culture. Through early detection, early intervention, early education, active rehabilitation and training to promote their return to normal population as soon as possible.