炭疽杆菌芽胞通过呼吸道感染对人体将导致严重的后果。1979年在前苏联斯弗罗弗斯克暴发的炭疽病中,96个病人中就有64人死亡,其临床表现主要为发热、呼吸困难、咳嗽、头痛、呕吐、寒战、腹痛、胸痛等。炭疽杆菌的毒力主要由炭疽毒素复合物和荚膜所决定,外毒素主要由3种蛋白质即保护性抗原(PA)、致死因子(LF)和水肿因子(EF)组成。PA只有与LF或EF结合才具有毒素活性,并构成致死毒 Bacillus anthracis spores through the respiratory tract infection on the human body will lead to serious consequences. In 1979, an outbreak of anthrax in Sverdlovsk, the former Soviet Union, resulted in 64 deaths among 96 patients. The main clinical manifestations were fever, dyspnea, cough, headache, vomiting, chills, abdominal pain and chest pain. Bacillus anthracis virulence mainly by the anthrax toxin complex and capsule determined, exotoxin mainly by the three proteins that protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF) composition. PA has toxins activity only when combined with LF or EF and constitutes lethal toxicity