一、导论在产业发展的历史过程中,形成了三种不同类型的产业组织形式,即垂直一体化、垂直分离和柔性生产。所谓的垂直一体化还是垂直分离以及柔性生产都是从产业价值链上来讲的。泰勒尔认为垂直一体化就是上游企业控制了其所在的纵向结构中所做出的全部决策。也即当企业或公司内部包含整个价值链或者是大部分价值链,各个生产环节由企业内部的科层制的形式来控 I. Introduction In the history of industrial development, three different types of industrial organizations have formed, that is, vertical integration, vertical separation and flexible production. The so-called vertical integration or vertical separation and flexible production are from the industrial value chain. Tyler argues that vertical integration is the decision by upstream firms to control the vertical structure in which they operate. That is, when the enterprise or company contains the entire value chain or most of the value chain, all the production processes are controlled by the bureaucracy in the enterprise