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目的:了解陕西农村0~18个月龄婴幼儿体格营养发育状况,并探讨其与贫血的相关性。方法:采取整群分层抽样的方法对陕西省19个自然村336名0~18个月龄婴幼儿进行体格测量和血红蛋白(Hb)的测定。结果:0~18个月龄的男性和女性婴幼儿年龄别身长Z值(HAZ)、年龄别体重Z值(WAZ)和身长别体重Z值(WHZ)的基本变化趋势随着月龄的增大而减小;低体重、发育迟缓和消瘦的患病率分别为32.14%、39.58%和11.31%。低体重和发育迟缓的患病率随年龄的增长逐渐增高,至1岁后达到最高,分别为55.38%和58.46%。低体重、发育迟缓和消瘦婴幼儿的贫血患病率(49.07%、42.10%、57.89%)明显高于正常婴幼儿(28.51%、30.54%、32.21%),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:陕西农村0~18个月龄婴幼儿主要表现为长期和慢性营养不良,营养不良是婴幼儿贫血的危险因素,可明显增加贫血的患病率。
Objective: To understand the status of physical nutrition development of infants and young children aged 0-18 months in rural areas of Shaanxi Province and to explore its correlation with anemia. Methods: A total of 336 children aged 0-18 months in 19 villages in Shaanxi Province were measured for physical fitness and hemoglobin (Hb) by stratified cluster sampling. Results: The basic trend of age-specific z value (HAZ), age-specific body weight Z (WAZ) and body weight Z value (WHZ) of 0-18 months old infants increased with age The prevalence rates of low birth weight, stunting and weight loss were 32.14%, 39.58% and 11.31% respectively. The prevalence of low birth weight and stunting gradually increased with age, reaching the highest after 1 year old, accounting for 55.38% and 58.46% respectively. The prevalence of anemia in infants who underweight, stunting and weight loss (49.07%, 42.10%, 57.89%) was significantly higher than that of normal infants (28.51%, 30.54%, 32.21%) (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Infants aged 0-18 months in rural areas of Shaanxi Province are mainly characterized by chronic and chronic malnutrition. Malnutrition is a risk factor for anemia in infants and young children, and can significantly increase the prevalence of anemia.