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目的分析广州市海珠区2007-2010年麻疹及风疹的流行特征。方法采用IgM抗体捕捉ELISA对广州市海珠区2007-2010年麻疹、风疹疑似病例血清标本进行IgM抗体检测。数据用SPSS13.0进行统计分析。结果麻疹IgM抗体总阳性率为44.30%,风疹IgM抗体总阳性率为13.09%,各年度麻疹、风疹的阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=171.708,P<0.05;χ2=34.191,P<0.05)。男女麻疹、风疹病例性别分布差异均无统计学意义。麻疹阳性病例年龄主要分布在8月龄～7岁及15～29岁,风疹阳性病例年龄主要分布在15～29岁。4年间麻疹、风疹阳性病例分别集中在3～7月、3～6月。结论海珠区2010年麻疹阳性率较前几年明显降低,说明防控措施有力,但2010年风疹的阳性率升高应引起足够的重视。麻疹的发病人群主要为学龄前儿童和青年,风疹的发病人群以青年为主。春季为麻疹、风疹的高发季节,应适时进行防控,避免暴发流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles and rubella in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City from 2007 to 2010. Methods Serum samples of measles and rubella suspected cases from 2007 to 2010 in Haizhu District of Guangzhou were detected by IgM antibody capture ELISA. Data SPSS13.0 statistical analysis. Results The total positive rate of measles IgM antibody was 44.30%, the positive rate of rubella IgM antibody was 13.09%, the positive rates of measles and rubella in each year were significantly different (χ2 = 171.708, P <0.05; χ2 = 34.191, P <0.05 ). There were no significant differences in gender distribution between measles and rubella in both sexes. The age of measles positive cases are mainly distributed in the age of 8 months to 7 years and 15 to 29 years old, the age of rubella positive cases are mainly distributed in 15 to 29 years old. 4 years measles, rubella positive cases were concentrated in 3 to 7 months, 3 to 6 months. Conclusion The positive rate of measles in Haizhu District in 2010 was significantly lower than in previous years, indicating that the prevention and control measures are effective. However, the positive rate of rubella in 2010 should be given enough attention. The incidence of measles mainly preschool children and youth, the incidence of rubella mainly young people. Spring is measles, rubella high season, should be timely prevention and control to avoid the outbreak.