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[目的]通过对紫色土长期定位施肥下不同施肥处理 0~20 cm 耕层土壤微形态特征变化的研究,探讨施肥对紫色土微形态的影响。[方法]试验采用随机区组设计,共设 8 个不同施肥处理。用单偏光显微镜对不同处理的 0~20 cm 耕层土壤微形态进行观察与分析。[结果]长期不施肥料的 CK 处理,土壤耕层结构致密,很少有孔隙发育,土壤微结构为结构较差的碎屑聚积状-沙粒聚积状;长期单施化学肥料,土壤颗粒未形成结构体,少孔隙,土壤微结构主要为斑晶胶凝状-细沙粒聚积状结构,土壤结构比 CK 处理优;长期施用有机肥或有机无机肥料配施的处理,土壤粗颗粒数量显著增加,结构疏松,孔隙量大,动、植物残体丰富,有铁锰结核和腐殖质的形成和微团聚体的发育,土壤微结构类型以 MNPK 处理(有机肥+氮肥+磷肥+钾肥)最好,为胶凝紧实状-多孔状结构。[结论]有机无机肥料配施能显著改良紫色土的结构,培肥土壤,实现土壤可持续发展。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of fertilization on the micromorphology of purple soil under the condition of long-term fertilization of purple soil with different fertilization treatments. [Method] Randomized block design was used in the experiment, and 8 different fertilization treatments were set up. The single-light microscope was used to observe and analyze the micro-morphology of 0-20 cm topsoil in different treatments. [Result] Long-term non-fertilizing CK treatment resulted in a compact structure of soil topsoil with few pores. The microstructure of the soil was poorly aggregated aggregates of aggregates of sand particles. Long-term application of chemical fertilizers and soil particles The results showed that the soil micro-structure was mainly composed of porphyry gel-like aggregates and the structure of soil was better than that of CK. When long-term application of organic manure or organic-inorganic fertilizers, the amount of coarse soil particles was significant The results showed that MNPK treatment (organic manure + nitrogen fertilizer + phosphate fertilizer + potash fertilizer) was the best for soil micro-structure types to increase, loose structure, large amount of pores, rich plant residues, formation of ferromanganese nodules and humus and development of microaggregates , For the cementitious compact - porous structure. [Conclusion] Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could remarkably improve the structure of purple soil, fertilize the soil and realize the sustainable development of soil.