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科学技术已经成为现代经济增长的重要因素。著名的经济学家西蒙·库兹涅兹这样说到:“标志着现代经济的时代创新特征,是科学广泛地应用于解决经济生产的难题。”这种情况最早开始于19世纪下半叶,当时发达国家经济增长的主要源泉是以科学为基础的技术,这一方面源于科学技术自身的发展,一方面源于企业界和政府的支持。长期以来,科学技术推动经济增长,在许多经济学家和企业家看来,这是明摆的事实,觉得好象没有必要去论证。问题是,科学技术对经济增长的作用到底有多大。1957年罗伯特·索罗(Robert Solow)发表了题为《技术变化和总的生产作用》的开创性论文,他发现在1909—1949年期间美国非农业经济增长中,资本增加的效果大约占生产率提高的12.5%,而技术进步的效果
Science and technology have become an important factor in modern economic growth. The famous economist Simon Kuznets said: “This marked the innovative characteristics of the times in the modern economy and the scientific application of extensive scientific solutions to the problems of economic production.” “This situation began as early as the latter half of the 19th century At that time, the main source of economic growth in the developed countries at that time was science-based technology, which originated from the development of science and technology on the one hand, and from the support of the business community and the government on the other. For a long time science and technology have promoted economic growth. To many economists and entrepreneurs, this is an obvious fact that does not seem necessary to justify. The question is, what is the role of science and technology in economic growth? In his seminal paper entitled ”Technological Change and Total Production", Robert Solow, 1957, found that in the non-agricultural economy of the United States between 1909 and 1949, the effect of capital increase was about Productivity increased by 12.5%, while the effect of technological progress