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研究地下水可持续开发的理论和方法是当前迫切需求。本文系统总结了从地下水安全开采量到可持续开采量的发展演变过程,从物理机制结合概念内涵,分析了概念演化背后的理念转变,即从集总的、静态的、确定的、孤立的安全开采量转变为分布的、动态的、不确定的、系统的可持续开采量;并分析和量化地下水可持续开采量的影响因素,其中时空范围的约束相对明确,生态环境约束在有观测基础的地区可建立经验量化指标,经济社会约束主要依靠管理措施;最后简要介绍了地下水可持续开采量的评价方法。
It is an urgent need to study the theory and method of sustainable development of groundwater. This paper systematically summarizes the development and evolution process from the safe exploitation of groundwater to the sustainable exploitation, analyzes the concept change behind the concept evolution from the physical mechanism combined with the connotation of concept, that is, from the lumped, static, defined and isolated safety The amount of mining is transformed into a distributed, dynamic, uncertain and systematically sustainable mining volume; and the influencing factors of the sustainable exploitation of groundwater are analyzed and quantified, in which the constraint of time and space range is relatively clear and the ecological environment is constrained on the basis of observation Regional experience can be established quantitative indicators, economic and social constraints rely mainly on management measures; Finally, a brief description of the sustainable development of groundwater extraction method of evaluation.