Africa is virtually unre-cognizable compared to even 10 years ago, largely due to the con-tinent's ever-deepening part-nership with China. Over the past decade, China's trade with Africa increased from $100 bil-lion in 2007 to $175 billion by the end of 2017. Chinese for-eign direct investment stock in Africa has grown at twice this speed, currently approaching$35 billion. Today, total Chinese concessional lending to Africa exceeds $100 billion.