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目的:探讨鼓室内注射与肌肉注射鼠神经生长因子治疗职业性噪声聋（ONID）的疗效对比。方法:选择辽宁省人民医院2018年1月至2019年12月收治的66例ONID患者为研究对象，按随机数字表法分为对照组、研究组，每组33例，两组患者均给予常规治疗，研究组在常规治疗基础上给予鼓室内注射鼠神经生长因子20 μg，两耳分别隔日注射1次；对照组在常规治疗基础上给予肌肉注射鼠神经生长因子20 μg，每日1次。两组均治疗28 d，比较两组左、右耳语频平均听阈，患者自觉耳鸣、头晕、头痛、失眠等症状改善情况，疗效，汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分及不良反应。结果:两组治疗前左、右耳语频听阈比较差异无统计学意义（n P>0.05）。治疗后研究组左、右耳语频听阈均明显低于对照组[（23.8 ± 4.2） dB/HL比（34.5 ± 3.9） dB/HL、（23.2 ± 4.4） dB/HL比（35.9 ± 5.1） dB/HL]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05). After treatment, the hearing thresholds of left whisper frequency and right whisper frequency in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group: (23.8 ± 4.2) dB/HL vs. (34.5 ± 3.9) dB/HL, (23.2 ± 4.4) dB/HL vs. (35.9 ± 5.1) dB/HL, and there were statistical differences (n P<0.05). After treatment, tinnitus and dizziness symptom improvement rate in the study group were higher than those in the control group: 93.3% (28/30) vs. 72.4% (21/29), 15/17 vs. 8/16, and there were statistically significant differences (n χ2 = 4.584 and 5.705, n P0.05). The total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group: 90.9% (30/33) vs. 69.7% (23/33), and there was statistical difference (n χ2 = 4.694, n P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of HAMD of 2 groups were significantly decreased, and the scores of HAMD in the study group was lower than that in control group: (8.46 ± 3.13) scores vs. (10.55 ± 3.83) scores, and there was statistical difference (n P0.05).n Conclusions:The injection of mouse nerve growth factor into drum room to treat ONID can effectively improve the hearing level of patients, alleviate tinnitus and dizziness symptoms and improve adverse mood without obvious adverse reactions.