车轴是机车车辆走行部分的重要配件之一,它承担着整个机车车辆的重量,受力情况复杂。因此,车轴在运用过程中,其质量之好坏直接关系到铁路行车安全。目前,世界各国在提高车轴疲劳强度和延长车轴使用寿命方面广泛开展了研究试验工作。例如,在车轴结构形状的研究、车轴高频淬火、车轴亚临界淬火、车轴用钢、车轴滚压强化,以及改进压装技术等方面都取得了一定的成效,有的已应用于生产。为了保证车轴的制 Axle is one of the important parts of the running part of a rolling stock, which takes the weight of the whole rolling stock and is subjected to complicated conditions. Therefore, the use of the axle in the process of its quality is directly related to the quality of railway traffic safety. At present, all countries in the world have carried out extensive research and experiment work in improving the fatigue strength of the axle and in prolonging the service life of the axle. For example, some achievements have been made in the research of axle structure and shape, axle induction hardening, axle subcritical quenching, axle steel, axle rolling enhancement, and improved press-fitting technology. Some have been applied to production. In order to ensure the system of the axle