直肠癌是一种常见的恶性肿瘤。目前其治疗方法仍以手术切除为主。根治性的直肠癌手术方式很多。可按术后排便途径的改变与否而分为两大类型:一类是不保留肛门。作结肠造瘘人工肛门的直肠切除术。Miles的腹会阴联合直肠切除。左髂窝结肠造瘘术可作为此类手术的代表;另一类是保留肛门括约功能的直肠切除术,此类包括ixan的前切除术;Kiaske、Best的后切除术以及Bacon、Waugh、Black等人提倡的各种拉出手术。其中前切除术疗效虽好,但仅适用于高位直肠癌肿;后切除术由于其根治的不彻底性已遭淘汰,而各种拉出手术 Rectal cancer is a common malignancy. At present, its treatment is still based on surgical resection. There are many ways to cure radical rectal cancer. According to the changes in the way of postoperative defecation, it can be divided into two types: one is not to retain the anus. Colonal artificial anus rectal resection. Miles's abdomen was combined with rectal resection. Left axillary colostomy can be used as a representative of this type of surgery; the other is rectal resection with retained anal sphincter function. This class includes anterior resection of ixan; posterior resection of Kiaske, Best and Bacon, Waugh, Various pull-out procedures advocated by Black et al. Among them, the anterior resection has good curative effect, but it is only suitable for high rectal cancer; the posterior resection has been eliminated because of its incomplete cure, and all kinds of pull-out surgery