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对于星地激光通信,使用圆偏振光进行传输是其较优的选择,此时必须对其光学系统进行偏振定标。利用菲涅耳公式及琼斯矩阵对影响光学系统偏振态的因素进行了分析。针对一个特定的星地激光通信发射光学系统,给出了系统结构以及存在于系统中的几种不同分光膜系的曲线。利用光学软件ZEMAX,对初始状态为线偏振的激光在光学系统中传播过程的每一步进行偏振特性分析。分析结果表明:对于空间光通信光学系统,45°放置的分光片和反射镜是导致偏振态改变的主要因素;一般意义上的消偏振膜系只能保证p分量和s分量的能量透射率相同,但p光和s光之间仍存在相位延迟,造成偏振态变化;调整入射光的光矢量方向至与入射面平行或垂直,可将光学系统引起的仪器偏振误差降至最低。
For star-to-ground laser communication, the use of circularly polarized light for transmission is its preferred choice, in which case its optical system must be polarization-calibrated. Fresnel formula and Jones matrix are used to analyze the factors affecting the polarization state of optical system. For a specific optical transmission system of the star laser communication, the system structure and the curves of several different spectral systems existing in the system are given. Using the optical software ZEMAX, the polarization characteristics of the linearly polarized laser beam at each step in the optical system are analyzed. The analysis results show that for the optical system of space optical communication, the polarizer and reflector placed at 45 ° are the main factors that lead to the change of polarization state. In the general sense, the depolarizing film can only ensure the same energy transmission of p component and s component , But there is still a phase delay between the p light and the s light, resulting in the change of the polarization state. The adjustment of the light vector direction of the incident light to be parallel or perpendicular to the incident plane can minimize the polarization error of the instrument caused by the optical system.