村民自治是在农村社会经济转型的情况下 ,国家主动导入的治理模式。这种模式在实际的运作中受权力和利益两个基本变量的影响 ,这两个变量是村民自治引入和维持所不可缺少的要素。然而 ,这两个变量也是导致自治模式可能“异化”的最大威胁。要抑制这两个变量的负功能 ,保证村民自治在良性轨道上日渐完善 ,依赖于社区民主和政治民主的生成和成熟度。它们分别是村民自治得以实现的基本前提和根本前提。这两个前提能否实现 ,取决于党能否保证其成员克服其理性经济人偏好并向道德人偏好转变 ,而这一转变的首要条件是实现党内的民主化 Villager autonomy is the governance mode that the state takes the initiative to introduce under the circumstances of rural social and economic transformation. In practice, this model is influenced by two basic variables: power and interest. These two variables are indispensable elements for the introduction and maintenance of villager autonomy. However, these two variables are also the biggest threats that may cause the pattern of self-government to “alienate.” In order to restrain the negative function of these two variables and ensure that the self-government of villagers will gradually be perfected on the virtuous track, it will depend on the formation and maturity of community democracy and political democracy. They are respectively the basic premise and the fundamental premise for the realization of villager autonomy. The fulfillment of these two premises depends on whether the party can guarantee that its members will overcome their preferences as rational economic agents and shift their preferences toward morality, and the first condition for such a change is the realization of democratization within the party