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中国古代“文史一家”的文学传统使得《水浒传》描写的社会生活具有一定的真实性。小说主要篇幅描写了公吏生活,梁山人物中公吏和地方豪强占多数,公吏具有主导和核心地位。通过对梁山人物法律身份和上山原因的分析,并结合对宋代公吏法律地位的考察,可以看出“逼上梁山”和“农民起义”的定性并不完全符合作品实际。水浒故事实质上反映的是以公吏阶层为主体的公吏、豪强联盟与官员阶层之间的矛盾纠纷。公吏的法律身份和社会地位决定了他们的行为,也决定了水浒故事的过程和结果。
The ancient Chinese literary history makes the social life described by Water Margin have a certain truth. The main length of the novel describes the life of public officials, public officials and Liangshan heroic majority, local officials have a leading and central position. Through the analysis of the legal status of Liangshan people and the reason of going up hill, combined with the investigation of the legal status of the officials in the Song Dynasty, it can be seen that the characterization of Liangshan Mountain and Peasant Uprising does not completely accord with the reality of the work. Water Margin story is essentially reflected in the public officials as the mainstay of public officials, tyrannical alliances and official conflicts between the class. The legal status of the public officials and social status determines their behavior, but also determines the process and results of the Water Margin story.