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1.膜法分离物质的分离,历来有多种方法,如蒸发、蒸馏、过滤、冷冻、吸附、离心分离、分步结晶、离子交换等。自六十年代开发了以海水淡化为目标的高分子反渗透分离膜和能区别分子量的超滤膜以来,当时尚未考虑到的许多领域应用和实用化有了急速的发展。它们主要用于海水淡化,其他典型例子有半导体生产用的超纯水的制造、有效物质的回收、浓缩液的制造、盐类的去除、蛋白质和酶等的分离精制、去除
1. Membrane separation of substances has always been a variety of methods, such as evaporation, distillation, filtration, freezing, adsorption, centrifugal separation, fractional crystallization, ion exchange and so on. Since the 1960s, the development of a polymer reverse osmosis separation membrane aimed at seawater desalination and an ultrafiltration membrane capable of differentiating the molecular weight have been developed and applied and practically used in many fields which have not yet been considered. They are mainly used for seawater desalination. Other typical examples include the manufacture of ultrapure water for semiconductor production, the recovery of effective substances, the manufacture of concentrated liquids, the removal of salts, the separation and purification of proteins and enzymes, the removal of