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华罗庚说:“数学是中国人民擅长的学科”. 东汉初(公元1世纪),我国第一部有名的数学书《九章算术》中出现了“正负术”.我国魏晋时期著名数学家刘徽为“正负术”作注解释说:“今两算得失相反,要令正负以名之,正算赤,负算黑,否则邪正为异”.这里的“算”是指小竹棒,表示数.注释的大概意思是:两个得失相反的数,要用正负来表示,规定正数用红色小竹棒,负数用黑色小竹棒;若用同色小竹棒的话,则正数正放,负数斜放,用以区别.
Hua Luogeng said: “Mathematics is a subject that the Chinese people are good at.” In the early Eastern Han Dynasty (1st century AD), “positive and negative techniques” appeared in China’s first famous mathematical book “Nine Chapters of Arithmetic.” Liu Hui explained to the “positive and negative technique”: “This is the opposite of the two calculations. We must make the name of positive and negative, and we must count the deficit and calculate it as black, otherwise the evil is different.” Here, “calculation” refers to Small bamboo stick, indicating number. The approximate meaning of the comment is: the two opposite numbers of gains and losses, to use the positive and negative to indicate that the positive number with a small bamboo stick, a negative number with a black bamboo stick; if the same color small bamboo stick, then a positive number Is put, negative oblique, to distinguish.