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肾组织缺血损伤是当今医学界研究的重要课题之一。以往认为损伤是由缺血本身引起,近年来研究发现,缺血所引起的肾组织损伤不仅发生在缺血当时,更重要的是发生在缺血再灌注时,此时的损伤称为“再灌注损伤”。随着肾脏移植和血管外科的进展,国内外许多学者对肾缺血损伤和再灌注损伤的防治进行了深入研究。本文就目前常用方法、药物保护等作一综述。一、低温业已证实。低温是保护肾缺血损害最有效的方法之一。低温的主要作用在于使肾脏随着温度降低,其代谢活动减弱,能量消耗降低。实验证明,当肾脏温度降至6～10℃时,肾脏代谢减少90～95％。低温时,许多酶系统的活性也降低,其中膜结合状态的酶比可溶性酶所受影响更大,例如膜结合的离子转运系统的活性减弱,这种耗能代谢变
Ischemic renal injury is one of the important topics in the medical field. In the past that the damage caused by the ischemia itself, in recent years found that ischemia-induced renal tissue damage not only occurred in the ischemic time, more importantly, occurs in ischemia-reperfusion injury at this time known as “then Perfusion injury ”. With the progress of kidney transplantation and vascular surgery, many scholars at home and abroad have conducted in-depth studies on the prevention and treatment of renal ischemic injury and reperfusion injury. This article reviews commonly used methods and drug protection. First, the low temperature has been confirmed. Hypothermia is one of the most effective ways to protect renal ischemia. The main role of low temperature is to make the kidneys as the temperature decreases, its metabolic activity weakened, reduced energy consumption. Experiments show that when the kidneys temperature dropped to 6 ~ 10 ℃, the kidney metabolism decreased 90 ~ 95%. At low temperatures, the activity of many enzyme systems is also reduced, where the membrane-bound enzyme is more affected than the soluble enzyme, eg, the membrane-bound ion transport system is less active,