小学阶段是儿童品德形成的关键时期,也是针对他们的心理特点全面实施教育的最佳时机。 一、晓之以理,端正他们的道德认识 道德认识是对好坏是非善恶的行为准则及其意义的认识。 (1)儿童道德的理解是从具体的肤浅的认识逐步向抽象的认识过渡的,他们的道德概念是从大量的道德情境里抽象出来的。因此,我们要优化育人环境,让环境说话。 (2)儿童是从依靠别人的评价向独立评价发展的。小学生特别是低年级学生往往认为教师的话句句真,他们对事物的评价是以师长的评价为转移的。因此,我们要注意培养他们独立评价的能力,教他们做有主见的人。 (3)儿童是在评价虽人的过程中逐步学会评价自己的。我们要多举办一些教育活动让他们逐步了解自我完善自我。 (4)儿童对事物的评价是由片面向一面发展的。他们经验不多,阅历有限,所以容易以偏概全。因此,我们要培养他们全面评价事物的能力。 二、动之以情,丰富他们的道德情感 道德情感是由一定的道德现象所激起的心理波动状态。我们要不断丰富儿童健康的道德情感,推动他们自觉地履行道德义务。 (1)儿童情感易起易落极不稳定。我们要做儿童情感的“稳压器。”让他们的情感稳固地朝着健康的方向发展。 (2)儿童的情感易受暗示。因此,对学生要多鼓励多表扬。 (3)儿童的情感 The primary stage is a crucial period for the formation of children’s morality and the best time to fully implement education on their psychological characteristics. First, the dawn of reasoning, correct their moral understanding of moral understanding of good and bad is good or evil code of conduct and its significance. (1) Children’s moral understanding gradually transforms from specific superficial understanding to abstract cognition, and their moral concepts are abstracted from a large number of moral situations. Therefore, we must optimize the education environment, let the environment speak. (2) Children develop from independent evaluation to independent evaluation. Primary students, especially those in lower grades, often regard the words of teachers as true, and their assessment of things is based on the teacher’s assessment. Therefore, we should pay attention to cultivating their independent evaluation ability, teach them to be assertive people. (3) Children gradually learn to evaluate themselves in the process of evaluating people. We should organize more educational activities so that they will gradually understand self-improvement. (4) Children’s evaluation of things is developed from one side to the other. They have limited experience and limited experience, so they tend to be over-generalized. Therefore, we need to develop their ability to fully evaluate things. Second, the move to love, enrich their moral Emotional emotion is a certain moral phenomenon inspired by the state of psychological fluctuations. We must continue to enrich the moral feelings of children’s health and encourage them to voluntarily fulfill their moral obligations. (1) Children’s emotions easy to start easy and unstable. We need to be the “voltage regulators” of children’s emotions, so that their emotions can move steadily toward health. (2) Children’s emotions are easily hinted. Therefore, encourage more praise for students. (3) Children’s emotions