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目的了解河南省出生缺陷的变化趋势、相关因素及防治方法 ;为制定进一步提高出生人口素质政策提供科学依据。方法按照全国医院“出生缺陷监测方案”在我省23个地市,由1996年开始时的57所分娩医院到2003年扩展到75所医院进行,具体内容通过填写《围产儿季报表》和《出生缺陷儿登记卡》来完成。结果河南省出生缺陷监测体系中围产儿男女性别比无明显变化,持续处于较高水平,平均126.5∶100;出生缺陷发生率整体有下降趋势,乡村出生缺陷儿发生率高于城镇、女性出生缺陷儿发生率高于男性;以25岁～年龄组出生缺陷儿发生率最低,高龄产妇(≥35岁)组出生缺陷发生率较高;主要的出生缺陷依次是神经管畸形、总唇裂、先天性脑积水、先天性心脏病、多指(趾)畸形、肢体短缩畸形、马蹄内翻足。结论降低新生儿出生性别比;重点关注高龄产妇(≥35岁)的保健;预防神经管缺陷的发生是提高我省出生人口素质的重要措施。
Objective To understand the changing trend, related factors and prevention and cure methods of birth defects in Henan Province and to provide a scientific basis for further improving the quality of birth population. Methods According to the National Hospital “Birth Defective Monitoring Program” in 23 prefectures and cities in our province, from 57 delivery hospitals in 1996 to 75 hospitals in 2003, the contents of which were completed by filling in the “Perinatal Quarterly Report” And “birth defects child registration card” to complete. Results There was no significant change in the sex ratio of perinatal children in the monitoring system of birth defects in Henan Province, which remained at a relatively high level with an average of 126.5: 100. The overall incidence of birth defects tended to decline. The incidence of rural birth defects was higher than that of urban areas and female birth defects The incidence of birth defects was the lowest in 25-year-old age group, while the incidence of birth defects was higher in older-age maternal age group (≥35 years). The main birth defects were followed by neural tube defects, total cleft lip, congenital Hydrocephalus, congenital heart disease, multiple finger (toe) deformity, limb shortening deformity, clubfoot. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing the sex ratio of newborns at birth; focusing on the care of older mothers (≥35 years old); preventing the occurrence of neural tube defects is an important measure to improve the quality of birth population in our province.