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肿瘤(tumor)疾患与它的宿主间的特殊关系主要属于免疫应答,肿瘤的生物学表现取决于肿瘤本身的恶性与宿主防御机制之间的平衡。Ferlito(1976)强调:癌瘤患者的予后和存活在于肿瘤本身因素(位置、范围、类型、组织学的恶性变)和宿主因素(肿瘤与肿瘤周围基质中的细胞反应、与免疫机能有关的瘤肿的引流淋巴结的形态学、机体内与试管内的特异或一般免疫反应试验)的功能。恶性肿瘤不再认为是有侵袭性的、扩散的自律的过程,其生长是无目的的并独立于它的宿主。Burnet(1970)提出,恶性的发展可能与下列情况有关:机体防御机制的崩溃、细胞免疫的缺陷、免疫监督的衰退、机体抗瘤肿(neoplasm)生长能力的减弱或紊乱。看来当细胞变成瘤肿细胞时,细胞就获得了为宿主免疫系统所未知的新的抗原特
The special relationship between a tumor’s condition and its host is mainly an immune response. The biological behavior of a tumor depends on the balance between the malignancy of the tumor itself and the host defense mechanism. Ferlito (1976) emphasizes that the prognosis and survival of patients with cancer is due to the intrinsic factors of the tumor (location, extent, type, histological malignancy) and host factors (cellular responses to tumor and tumor surrounding matrix, The morphology of the draining lymph nodes of the tumor, the specific or general immune response test in the body and the test tube). Malignancy is no longer considered an aggressive, diffuse, self-regulating process whose growth is purposeless and independent of its host. Burnet (1970) suggests that the development of malignancy may be related to the collapse of the body’s defense mechanisms, deficiencies in cellular immunity, the decline in immune surveillance, and the diminished or disturbed growth of the body’s neoplasm. It appears that when cells become tumor cells, the cells gain new antigenicity unknown to the host immune system