聽證源於普通法的自然正義原則,旨在爲將受不利決定影響的當事人提供申辯機會,最初適用於司法過程。後來,隨著行政權的擴展,行政機構也開始經常做出限制和剝奪當事人人身權、財產權的行爲,聽證也逐漸擴展至行政過程。在現代社會,不少國家在立法過程中也採取聽證會等形式聽取公眾意見。聽證由此成爲現代公共治理中支撐公共權力運行合法性的重要程序裝置。在美國,聽證程序已經在城鄉規劃、 Hearing originated from the common law principle of natural justice and is intended to provide an initial defense of the judicial process for the parties who will be adversely affected by the adverse decision. Later, with the expansion of the executive power, the executive authorities also began to frequently make acts of restraining and depriving the parties of personal rights and property rights, and the hearing gradually expanded to the administrative process. In modern society, many countries also take public hearings and other forms of public opinion in the legislative process. As a result, the hearing has become an important procedure device for supporting the legitimacy of public power in modern public governance. In the United States, the hearing process has been planned in urban and rural areas,