Objective: To study the efficiency, safety and feasibility of preoperative bronchial artery infusion (BAI) chemotherapy on operation in patients with locally advanced (stage Ⅲ) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: 92 cases with locally advanced NSCLC patients were randomly divided into two groups: (1) BAI chemotherapy group: 39 cases were received BAI chemotherapy for 2 courses and followed surgery; (2) surgery alone group: 51 cases were treated by operation alone.The complete resection rate and preoperative complications were compared between these two groups.Results: In BAI chemotherapy group, the rate of clinical efficiency was 68.3% with slight toxicity.In BAI chemotherapy group the surgery complete resection rate was 89.7%, which was significantly higher than that in surgery alone group (72.5%, P＜0.05).No significant differences of blood loss, operative complications and mortality were observed between these two groups.Conclusion: BAI neoadjuvant chemotherapy was safe and effective, which can increase the complete resection rate of the tumor and did not increase the operative complications and mortality.