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“阶级”概念描述的问题是不平等。欧洲从工业资本主义向金融资本主义(新自由主义)的过渡导致了国家内部和国家之间在收入、医疗和生活机会上的不平等不断加剧,其不平等程度是自二战爆发之前至今前所未有的。在这种情况下,如果要把握当今的不平等问题,就要把阶级作为社会学的基点。本文追溯了皮埃尔·布迪厄把阶级视为一个关系性的概念的理论、贝弗利·斯凯格斯关于阶级就意味着斗争的观点以及温迪·布朗认为新自由主义具有政治斗争文化化特征的论述,旨在引起人们对阶级分析的重视,更好地理解后工业社会阶级剥削的形式。作者还基于雅克·朗西埃的阶级概念指出,阶级社会学不应以对阶级身份的假设和确定为基础,而应立足于将阶级理解为反对分类的斗争。这样,面对被视为“随意弃置的生命政治”的新自由主义治理,社会学就可以努力促进一种新的社会政治理想的发展。
The “class” concept describes the problem as inequality. The transition from industrial capitalism to financial capitalism (neo-liberalism) in Europe has led to increasing inequality in incomes, health care and life opportunities both within and between countries, the degree of inequality that has hitherto been unprecedented since the outbreak of World War II . Under such circumstances, if we are to grasp the problems of today’s inequality, we must regard the class as the starting point of sociology. This article traces Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of class as a relational concept, Beverly Skage’s view of class as a struggle, and Wendy Brown’s view that neoliberalism has a political battle Cultural characteristics of the discourse, designed to cause people to pay attention to the class analysis, a better understanding of post-industrial forms of social class exploitation. The author also points out on the basis of the class concept of Jacques Langsay that class sociology should not be based on the assumption and determination of class identity but should be based on the understanding that the class is a struggle against classification. In this way, in the face of neo-liberal governance, which is viewed as a “casual political life politics,” sociology can work to promote the development of a new social and political ideal.