论文部分内容阅读
在过去的10年里,注射毒品是艾滋病病毒(HIV)在东欧和立陶宛传播的主要途径。阿片类是该地区注射滥用最多的非法毒品。立陶宛于1995年开始开展美沙酮维持治疗,是在注射毒品者中发现第一例HIV者之前。美沙酮维持治疗的引入和10年开展美沙酮维持的实践遇到了很多的挑战。为了应对美沙酮维持给社区带来的不良影响和阻止美沙酮转入非法市场采用了不同的策略。最近的一次挑战是将HIV/AIDS治疗整合到提供美沙酮维持治疗的专科精神卫生/依赖医院,以提高美沙酮维持治疗的效果。委托自助小组帮助美沙酮维持治疗者的策略也在讨论中。
For the past 10 years, injecting drugs has been the main route for the spread of HIV in Eastern Europe and Lithuania. Opioids are the most commonly abused illicit drugs in the region. Lithuania started methadone maintenance treatment in 1995 prior to the first case of HIV being found among injecting drug users. The introduction of methadone maintenance therapy and the 10 years of methadone maintenance have encountered many challenges. Different strategies have been adopted in response to the adverse effects of methadone on the community and preventing the diversion of methadone to illicit markets. A recent challenge is to integrate HIV / AIDS treatment into specialist mental health / reliance hospitals that provide methadone maintenance treatment to increase the effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment. Strategies for commissioning self-help groups to help methadone maintenance are also under discussion.