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本文介绍空间交会对接机动自主制导和控制采用的两种光学敏感器系统:CCD摄像机、接近敏感器及其专用处理器。所讨论的两个航天器一个称之为追踪航天器,其上装有主动敏感器、光学发射机、接收机及预处理器;另一个航天器称为目标航天器,其上装有按一定几何关系配置的光学反射器。这样,即使在目标航天器断电的条件下,追踪航天器也可执行对接功能。敏感器系统的捕获范围为0～100m。摄像机的工作范围从3m到10m,接近敏感器的工作范围为0～10m。从反射的光学信号接收到的数据经预处理后可满足处理器接口的要求。处理器的输出是目标航天器相对于追踪航天器坐标系的姿态和位置矢量数据。这些数据发送给GNC系统,经进一步处理后即可控制制导和对接机动。
This paper introduces two kinds of optical sensor systems that are used in spacecraft intersection maneuvering autonomous control and control: CCD camera, proximity sensor and its special processor. One of the two spacecraft in question is called a tracking spacecraft with an active sensor, an optical transmitter, a receiver and a preprocessor, and the other spacecraft, called the target spacecraft, Configuration of the optical reflector. In this way, the tracking spacecraft can perform docking functions even when the target spacecraft is de-energized. The capture range of the sensor system is 0 ~ 100m. The camera’s working range from 3m to 10m, close to the sensor’s working range of 0 ~ 10m. The data received from the reflected optical signal is preprocessed to meet the processor interface requirements. The processor’s output is the attitude and position vector data of the target spacecraft relative to the tracking spacecraft’s coordinate system. These data are sent to the GNC system and, after further processing, can be used to control maneuvering and maneuvering.