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目的了解肇庆市城区学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态,为保护儿童视力,防治屈光不正提供依据。方法采取整群随机抽样方法抽取肇庆市城区13所幼儿园4249名3～6岁儿童,应用标准对数视力表进行主观视力检查;应用美国伟伦Suresight手持式自动验光仪进行屈光检查。结果学龄前儿童视力低常率为19.51%,弱视患病率为2.49%,随着年龄增长,视力低常率和弱视患病率有降低的趋势。视力正常及视力低常儿童屈光状态均以远视为主,患病率分别为89.82%和83.83%,近视患病率分别为1.20%和9.29%,随着年龄的增长,远视患病率逐渐降低,近视患病率逐渐升高。正视率和混合散光患病率较低,且没有年龄间差异。结论学龄前儿童屈光不正以远视为主,但随着年龄的增长近视率不断提高,应对学龄前儿童定期进行视力检查,根据学龄前儿童视力变化特征,确定不同时期的防治方向。
Objective To understand the visual acuity and refractive status of preschool children in Zhaoqing city and provide basis for protecting children’s eyesight and preventing refractive error. Methods A total of 4249 children aged 3 ~ 6 years old from 13 kindergartens in Zhaoqing City were sampled by cluster sampling method. Subjective visual acuity was assessed using a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. Refractometry was performed using a Weillen Suresight handheld automatic refractor. Results The preschool children had low visual acuity rate of 19.51% and amblyopia prevalence of 2.49%. With age, the prevalence of low vision acuity and amblyopia tended to decrease. Children with normal vision and low vision were mainly hyperopia, with the prevalences of 89.82% and 83.83%, respectively. The prevalence of myopia was 1.20% and 9.29% respectively. As the age increased, the prevalence of hyperopia gradually increased Reduce the prevalence of myopia gradually increased. The prevalence of orthoptic and mixed astigmatism was low with no age difference. Conclusions Preschool children with refractive errors are mainly hyperopia. However, their myopia rate increases with age. Preschoolers should be checked for visual acuity on a regular basis. According to the characteristics of preschool children ’s visual acuity, the prevention and treatment directions should be determined at different stages.