抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性血管炎(AAV)是一种系统性小血管炎,它可引起多器官损害(如急危重肾衰和肺出血),其病死率较高。然而,AAV的心血管受累较少见,其主要表现为血管狭窄、动脉瘤、主动脉夹层、主动脉破裂、主动脉反流等损害。在其3种临床分型中,嗜酸性肉芽肿血管炎的心脏损害最为常见,而在显微镜下多血管炎中心脏受累发生率最低。另外,血管炎的治疗过程(包括诱导期和维持期)中所用药物可能对患者在原发病基础上发生心血管病变产生影响。然而,对于AAV累及心血管的发病机制仍需进一步研究。 Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic vasculitis that causes multiple organ damage (eg, critically ill renal failure and pulmonary hemorrhage) with a high case fatality rate. However, cardiovascular vascular involvement of AAV is rare, and its main manifestations are vascular stenosis, aneurysm, aortic dissection, aortic rupture, aortic regurgitation and other damage. Of the three clinical types, eosinophilic granulomatous vasculitis is the most common form of heart damage, with the lowest incidence of cardiac involvement in microscopic vasculitis. In addition, the drugs used in the course of vasculitis treatment (including induction and maintenance period) may have an impact on patients with cardiovascular disease based on the primary disease. However, further studies are needed on the pathogenesis of AAV involvement in cardiovascular diseases.