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本文分析了在五个水电工程现场进行的载荷试验成果.研究表明,现场载荷试验是研究软岩变形、破坏特性的有效方法,可以弥补试验室对软岩某些研究的不足. 破裂粘土岩、粉砂质泥岩的压力-变形曲线可分为裂隙压密、线性变形、屈服和塑性流动四个阶段.建议用承压板周围岩体的压力-变形曲线的拐弯点(即岩体上抬点)作为确定屈服极限的标准,用板外曲线偏离直线的点作为比例极限的标准. 层状破裂岩体首先沿层面破坏,然后岩体本身逐渐达到破坏.无明显的线性变形阶段,达到极限强度前有很大的塑性变形,呈典型的塑性破坏.
This paper analyzes the results of load tests conducted on the site of five hydropower projects. The study shows that field load tests are an effective method to study the deformation and failure characteristics of soft rock and can compensate for the lack of certain researches on soft rock in the laboratory. The pressure-deformation curve of silty mudstone can be divided into four stages: fracture compaction, linear deformation, yielding and plastic flow. It is recommended to use the turning point of the pressure-deformation curve of the rock mass around the pressure plate (ie, the rock mass lifting point. As the criterion for determining the yield limit, the point where the out-of-plane curve deviates from the straight line is used as the criterion for the proportional limit. The layered cracked rock mass first breaks along the level, and then the rock body itself gradually reaches the destruction. There is no obvious linear deformation stage and the ultimate strength is reached. Before there is a large plastic deformation, a typical plastic failure.