苏联人造卫星的制造与发射成功,是人类科学史上的巨大事件。这个伟大成就是与社会主义制度的优越性分不开的。我们知道苏联从旧社会所接收下来的科学遗产是很薄弱的,比旧中国留下来的科学遗产略好一些,但也好不了太多。然而经过四十年革命政权的领导(在这四十年中,苏联还经过了多年的战争,特别是第二次世界大战时苏联又承担着巨大的军事负担),到现在可以肯定地说,苏联的科学已经超过了科学最发达的资本主义国家。这就说明只有在社会主义制度下,科学才可以得到迅速的和顺利的发展。苏联科学的发展过程是怎样的呢?从科学文献上看,在1940年以前,苏联在科学上并不是特别出色的 The success of the Soviet Union’s manufacture and launch of man-made satellites is a tremendous event in the history of human science. This great achievement is inseparable from the superiority of the socialist system. We know the legacy of science inherited from the old society in the Soviet Union is very weak, slightly better than the scientific legacy left by the old China, but not too much. However, after forty years of leadership of the revolutionary regime (during which the Soviet Union also lasted many years of war, especially during the Second World War, the Soviet Union shouldered a huge military burden), it can now be affirmed that, The science of the Soviet Union has surpassed the most advanced capitalist countries in science. This shows that science can be rapidly and smoothly developed only under the socialist system. What is the development of science in the Soviet Union? From a scientific point of view, before 1940, the Soviet Union was not particularly outstanding in science