针对中唐以后的社会经济转型,儒家进行了新一轮价值评估,以为宋代理学的先导。李晟本为兴唐名将,但“安史之乱”以后的混乱政局常常造成了臣下无力自保,动辄“陷贼”的尴尬,于是朝廷产生了提倡“忠臣”的需求。另一方面中唐经济放开商业贸易,商帮团伙及仰食漕粮形成的流动,使民间标立了“义”即“谊”,作为平等交往的价值标准,这也在唐人小说里得到了反映。 In response to the social and economic transformation since the middle of Tang dynasty, Confucianism conducted a new round of assessment of the value of the Confucianism and regarded it as the forerunner of the science of Song Dynasty. Li Sheng was a famous star in Xingtang, but the chaotic political situation after “An Shi’s chaos” often resulted in the embarrassment of the minister’s inability to take care of himself or herself, and thus the court demanded to promote “loyalty.” On the other hand, the opening up of the trade in the mid-Tang Dynasty to the commercial sector, the gangs of commercial gangs and the formation of grain-bearing crops have marked the establishment of “righteousness” or “friendship” among the people, as the value standard of equal exchange, which was also found in the novels of the Tang Dynasty reflect.