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地震地电场观测是一种获取地震短临前兆信息的有效观测手段之一,我国已建成百余个地震地电场观测台站,对于这些台站观测资料的研究已取得了较好的成果。本文在总结前人成果的基础上,叙述了国内外地震地电场观测系统的发展过程,地电场在正常状态时的季节特性、日变形态、极化特征及其与地磁场的相关性,以及地震地电场前兆信息的提取方法,并分析了异常信息特征;此外,对地电暴时地电场的形态变化及其幅度特征进行了总结;最后,对2009年刚刚开始试验观测的垂直地电场观测研究现状进行了概略介绍。
Seismological geoelectric field observation is one of the effective observation means to obtain the short-term precursory earthquake information. There are over 100 earthquake electric field observation stations in our country, and good results have been obtained for the observation of these stations. On the basis of summarizing the achievements of predecessors, this paper describes the development process of the seismological ground observation system at home and abroad, the seasonal characteristics, diurnal variation and polarization characteristics of the geoelectric field under normal conditions, and its correlation with the geomagnetic field In addition, the morphological changes and amplitude characteristics of the electric field during the terrestrial storms were summarized. Finally, the vertical geoelectric field observations just started in 2009 The research status is briefly introduced.