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目的观察黑色地膜覆盖灭螺及其与氯硝柳胺联合灭螺的近期效果。方法在安乡县选取一条钉螺密度较高、钉螺分布比较均匀的沟渠,依次设为薄膜组、氯硝柳胺组和氯硝柳胺薄膜组进行试验。于试验开始前和开始后第1、2、3、5、7 d进行查螺,鉴定钉螺死亡情况,并对各数据进行统计分析。结果地膜覆盖后第1 d土表温度最高达到63.7℃,40℃以上的温度维持了4.34 h,第2 d薄膜下土表温度最高为52.3℃,40℃以上的温度维持了4.96 h,试验第4、5 d薄膜下土表温度都低于30℃,第6 d薄膜下最高温度没有超过34℃。试验后第7 d,薄膜组、氯硝柳胺组和氯硝柳胺薄膜组土壤表层钉螺死亡率分别为16.36%、58.40%和53.57%;薄膜组和氯硝柳胺薄膜组土壤下层钉螺死亡率分别为20.00%和40.00%,氯硝柳胺组第3 d后在土壤下层未查到钉螺;薄膜组、氯硝柳胺组和氯硝柳胺薄膜组袋装钉螺第7 d的死亡率分别为84.00%、95.33%和95.33%。结论本次试验未观察到黑色地膜覆盖对钉螺有明显的近期灭螺效果,也未观察到地膜覆盖对氯硝柳胺灭螺有明显的促进作用。
Objective To observe the recent results of black mulching with molluscicide and its combination with niclosamide. Methods An ditch with relatively high density of snails and uniform distribution of snails in Anxiang County was selected and tested as film group, niclosamide group and niclosamide film group. Before the start of the experiment and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 7th days, the snail was identified and the death of Oncomelania snails was identified, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results The soil surface temperature reached 63.7 ℃ on the 1st day after mulching. The temperature above 40 ℃ was maintained for 4.34 h. The maximum surface temperature was 52.3 ℃ on the 2 d film and 4.96 h on the above 40 ℃. Under 4 and 5 d, the soil surface temperature was below 30 ℃, and the maximum temperature under the 6th day did not exceed 34 ℃. On the 7th day after the experiment, the mortality rates of snail on the surface of soil were 16.36%, 58.40% and 53.57% respectively in the film group, niclosamide group and niclosamide film group, and the snail death in the film group and niclosamide film group The rates were 20.00% and 40.00%, respectively. Snail was not found in the soil below niclosamide group on the 3rd day. On the 7th day, the mortality in the film group, niclosamide group and niclosamide group Respectively 84.00%, 95.33% and 95.33%. Conclusion This experiment did not observe the black film mulching has a significant recent snail-killing effect on snails, and no significant effect of nichellimide on snail-killing was observed.